Nikki Patel and Drew Evans

 Barron's AP Art History- 3 rd Edition : John B. Nici  Khan Academy- AP Art History : art-history

 Influenced by Shintoism and Zen philosophy  Central Art Forms : Calligraphy/Painting  Japanese artists worked on commission  Influenced by Japanese Tea Ceremony and it’s four principles- purity, harmony, respect, and tranquility  Zen simplicity seen in Japanese architecture- single story, made of wood, raised floors (to reduce humidity), mobile spaces, Zen garden  Deep respect for natural world  Heavily influenced European art

 Characterized by elevated viewpoints, diagonal lines, and depersonalized faces  Popular Ink-splashed painting : Haboku- free/open style that gives illusion of being splashed on the surface  Genre paintings from 17 th to 19 th centuries were dominated by ukiyoe - “pictures of the floating world”  Printmaking process between artist and publisher

 Genre Painting : painting in which scenes of everyday life are shown  Haboku (splashed ink) : monochrome ink painting done in free style in which the ink seems to be splashed on a surface  Kondo : a hall used for Buddhist teachings  Mandorla : describes a large almond-shaped orb around holy figures like Christ or Buddha  Tarashikomi : painting technique in which pain is applied to a surface that has not already dried from pervious application  Ukiyo-e : “pictures of the floating world” – genre painting that was popular from the 17 th to 19 th century  Yamato-e : style of Japanese painting that is characterized by native subject, stylized features, and thick bright pigments  Zen : a metaphysical branch of Buddhism that revolves around fulfillment through self-discipline and intuition

 743- rebuilt c  Nara, Japan- Great Eastern Temple  Wood with ceramic tile roofing (largest wooden building in the world)  Colossal sculpture of seated image of the Vaiorcana Buddha  Temple and Buddha have been razed several times during military unrest  Seven external bays on façade  Influenced by monumental Chinese sculptures

 Rebuilt in c.1700  Monumental feat of casting  Meant to stabilize the Japanese population during a time of economic crisis  Largest metal statue of Buddha in the world  Mudra : right hand means “do not fear” ; left hand means “welcome”  Cross cultural comparisons of the Buddha across Asia : Bamiyan Buddha, Jowo Rinpoche, Longmen Caves

 c  Complex joined woodblock construction  By Unkei, Tankei, and Jokahu  One on either side of the gate  Intricate swirling drapery  Fierce forbidding looks and gestures  Masculine, frightening figures that “protect the Buddha”

  Wood with ceramic tile roofing  Nandaimon : great south gate with five bays (three central bays for passing and two outer bays that are closed)  Two same sized stories  Deep eaves supported by the six- stepped bracket complex  Roof exposed from below (no ceiling) and supported by huge pillars  Overall effect is of proportion and stateliness  Cross cultural comparisons of entrances : Great Portal, North Gate of the Great Strupa, Front Gate of the Forbidden City

 c  Kyoto, Japan  Garden as a microcosm of nature  Zen dry garden-  Gravel acts as water  Rocks are mountain rages  Meant to be viewed from a veranda in a nearby building  15 rocks arranged in 3 groups  Interpreted as islands in a floating sea/ mountain peaks above clouds/ constellations in the sky  Entire garden isn’t viewable at once from any viewpoint  Served as a focus for meditation  Asymmetrical  Bounded on two sides by a low, yellow wall

 Wet Garden-  Contains a tea house  Seemingly arbitrary in placement, the plants are actually placed in a highly organized and structured environment symbolizing the natural world  Water symbolizes purification (used in rituals)  Cross Cultural Comparisons of people and nature- Weiwei (Sunflower Seeds), Velasco (Valley of Mexico), Turner (The Slave Ship)

 c  Handscroll- ink and color on paper (swift, active brushstrokes)  Painted 100 years after the civil war depicted in the scene  Elevated viewpoint/strong diagonals-showed movement and action  Narratives read from right to left as scroll is unrolled  Depersonalized figures  Tangled mass of forms accentuated by Japanese armor  Lone archer leads the escape from the burning palace with equestrian Japanese commander behind him  Burning of the imperial palace at Sanjo in Kyoto as rebel forces try to seize power by capturing the emperor  Coup staged in 1159 as Emperor Go-Shirakawa is taken prisoner  Cross Cultural Comparisons to historical events- Lin (Vietnam Veterans Memorial), Goya, Column of Trajan

 Ogata Korin-artist   Watercolor on paper  Influenced by Yamato-e style of painting  Stream cuts rhythmically through the scene/swirls in paint surface indicate water currents  White plum blossoms on left; red on right  Tarashikomi technique- paint is applied to surface that hasn’t already dried from a previous application (creates a dripping effect useful in depicting streams of flowers  Cross Cultural Comparisons of multi- panel paintings- Campin, Grunewald, Circle of the Gonzalez Family

  Polychrome woodblock print with ink/color on paper  Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York  First time landscape  Last of a series of prints called “Thirty- Six Views of Mount Fuji”  Personification of nature (drowning the figures in boats)  Mount Fuji-sacred mountain  Striking design contrasts water and sky with large areas of negative space  Cross Cultural Comparisons of images of the sea and water- Michelangelo (the flood), Turner (the slave ship), Kusama (narcissus harden)

Todai-jiParthenon -Both are temples -Todai-ji dedicated to Buddha and Parthenon dedicated to Athena -Held religious and cultural importance during the time period

Night Attack on the Sanjo PalaceColumn of Trajan -Both depict some significance of famous battles and conflicts with neighboring areas -Both represent an important even for the city in the time period - Two different forms of art : painting/architecture

Japanese art revolves around a combination of traditional Chinese painting styles and unique Japanese artistic styles. Throughout this art, great emphasis was put on properties of wood construction and harmonizing with the natural surrounding environment. The majority of Japanese buildings are meant to be viewed as part of an overall balance in nature that complement a setting and never intrude upon it.