East Area Consolidation Konstantinos Papastergiou CERN Technology Department | Electrical Power Converters 04 June 2015

Previously discussed  The East Area Energy Consumption is high at 15GWh/yr  Third highest consumer after PS (55GWh) and PS Booster (25GWh)  Continuously energised BUT used < 4% of time for physics operations  DC powering of magnets  unnecessary cooling requirements  Cycling the magnet current can save electricity  Energy requirement from 11GWh to reduce to 0.6GWh per year *  Example of a self-funded project  Consolidation cost originally estimated 2.7MCHF (part of todays layout)  Saving estimated at 600kCHF per year* (around 500kCHF with new layout)  New technology is being developed for transfer lines  SIRIUS – re-generative power converter 2 * Source: J.Cottet, Energy Balance of the East Area and possible Improvements, 2012

Previously discussed  7 consecutive extractions at max energy  duty cycle approximately 7%  Tolerance in extraction start-end is 20ms  Time between extractions 1.93s  Current ramp during flat-top Not included in preliminary calculations:  degaus cycles – to be confirmed if required  Certain customisations for large circuits *Described in EDMS

Proposed improvements  Step1: Changing from continuous to cycling current  on average 73% lower power consumption in the magnets  savings in magnet cooling costs  Step 2: Regenerative power converters  most of the energy (inductive) returned to capacitor banks locally  electrical interconnection ratings reduced 40-70%  better power quality for cern machine network  Step 3: Single converter family in entire East Area  Economies of scale in procurement  Minimal spare converter requirements  More streamlined and shorter repair time

EPC proposal Primary line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) BP.QFO1SIRIUS 2P 60kJQ BP.DHZ1SIRIUS 2P 60kJMNPA BP.QDE2SIRIUS 2P 60kJQ BP.DVT1SIRIUS S 30kJMEA BP.DVT2SIRIUS S 30kJMEA BP.QFO3SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFL BP.BHZ1SIRIUS 2PSMCB BP.QDE4SIRIUS S 30kJQ South Branch Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) BS.SMH1SIRIUS 2P 180kJMCB BS.BHZ1SIRIUS S 90kJMCB BS.QFO1SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFL BS.QDE2SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFL BS.DHZ1SIRIUS S 30kJM BS.DVT1SIRIUS 2P 60kJMNPA BS.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSMCB dirac line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) BD.BHZ1SIRIUS 2P 180kJMCB BD.BHZ2SIRIUS 2P 180kJMCB BD.DVT1SIRIUS S 30kJMNPA BD.DHZ1SIRIUS 2P 60kJMEA BD.QDE1SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ BD.QFO2SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ North Branch Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) BN.QDE1SIRIUS S 30kJQ BN.QFO2SIRIUS S 30kJQ BN.DVT1SIRIUS S 30kJMNPA BN.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSMCB BN.DHZ1SIRIUS 2PSMCB preliminary figures budget: 0.91MCHF budget: 0.65MCHF budget: 0.84MCHF budget: 0.72MCHF

EPC proposal preliminary figures T9 line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) T9.DHZ1SIRIUS S 30kJMDX T9.QFO1SIRIUS S 30kJQDS T9.QDE2SIRIUS S 30kJQ T9.QFO3SIRIUS S 30kJQDS T9.BHZ1SIRIUS 2PSM200SP T9.QFO4SIRIUS S 30kJQFS T9.QFO5SIRIUS S 30kJQFS T9.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSM200SP T9.QDE6SIRIUS 4P 240kJQ T9.BVT1SIRIUS 2P 180kJM100SP T9.QFO7SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ T9.QDE8SIRIUS 4P 240kJQ T9.DHZ2SIRIUS S 30kJMDX T9.DHZ3SIRIUS S 30kJMDX T10 line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) T10.DHZ1SIRIUS S 30kJMDX T10.QFO1SIRIUS S 30kJQDS T10.QDE2SIRIUS 2P 60kJQ T10.QFO3SIRIUS S 30kJQDS T10.BHZ1SIRIUS 2PSM200SP T10.QFO4SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFS T10.QFO5SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFS T10.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSM200SP T10.QDE6SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ T10.BVT1SIRIUS 2PSM100SP T10.QFO7SIRIUS 2P 180kJQ T10.QDE8SIRIUS 2P 120kJQ T10.DHZ1SIRIUS S 30kJMDX T10.DVT2SIRIUS S 30kJMDX budget: 1.83MCHFbudget: 1.78MCHF

EPC Proposal - T11 T11 line Position Converter selection Magnet selection Epk (kJ) Ipk (A) Irms (A) T11.QDE1SIRIUS S 60kJMDX T11.QFO2SIRIUS S 30kJQDS T11.BHZ1SIRIUS 2P 60kJQ T11.QFO3SIRIUS S 30kJQDS T11.BHZ2SIRIUS 2PSM200SP T11.QFO4SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFS T11.QDE5SIRIUS 2P 60kJQFS T11.BVT1SIRIUS 2PSM200SP budget: 1.04MCHF preliminary figures

Summary preliminary figures line # Converters# bricksCost Primary line MCHF South Branch MCHF dirac line MCHF North Branch MCHF T9 line MCHF T10 line MCHF T11 line MCHF Contingencies MCHF Degauss cycle required Converter customisation for certain magnets Spare converter(s) to be added

Concluding remarks  A increased EPC budget due to  Requested operational flexibility  1.93s extraction to extraction, 7 consecutive extractions at full energy  62 power converters (includes line T converters)  consolidation of old thyristor circuits <- resource intensive  « Greener » operation requires higher up-front costs (energy storage) However in the long term: no consolidation at all would cost us complete rennovation would cost  Saving of 0.5MCHF/year in magnet joule loss costs alone 15-years approximate cost* 9.1MCHF (energy cost) 9.5MCHF (energy+p.converters) * 15yr electricity costs + proposed initial investment excluding magnets and infrastructure renovation assuming 4300h of operation per year

Next Steps  Initiate discussion with magnet group about optimising the magnet-p.converter as a system:  6xM200SP (750A pk ) (0.975H, 0.195Ohm, 274kJ, 140kW)  8xMCB (880A pk ) (0.649H, 0.160Ohm, 880A, 247kJ, 110kW)  Additional costs  Discuss with magnet experts the degaussing need  Adjust budget accordingly  Include spare converters  Request budget for Electrical and Cooling infrastructure  Examine if there is further space for optimisation at system level

Time plan  Project plan - Group Activity Planning: Q  Departmental Request: Jan 2016  Finance committee: March 2016  Reception of equipment (pre-series/series):  Power Stacks: Q  Magnetic components: Q  Integration contracts: Q (pre-series)  Mass production:  Buildings Infrastructure upgrade: Mar 2019  Commissioning: Sep 2019 DRAFT For discussion

Annex

Direct versus Cycling operation Magnet typeTotal (1.2sec)RecoverableThermal loss (1.2sec) Quadrupole (26Gev)11kJ6kJ5kJ Small Dipole (26Gev)31.5kJ25kJ6.5kJ Large Dipole (26Gev)101kJ82kJ19kJ 14 * Assuming cost of electricity between 0.05 and 0.065CHF/kWh. 1kJ of energy over a 1.2sec cycle corresponds to 1kJ/1.2sec=0.83kW of average power. Assuming this 1.2sec (PS) cycle repeats for 24hours over 270 working days the total energy required from the power network (for each 1kJ) is 5378kWh/annum. If this energy is not recovered in capacitor banks after every magnet cycle it is returned to the power network and is not remunerated by the provider. Annual cost of electricity for 1kJ: (Non-recoverable thermal loss/consumed every 1.2seconds) CHF*