Circulatory System (Cardiovascular System)

Functions of the Circulatory System Transport of oxygen, nutrients and waste products throughout the body Transport of oxygen, nutrients and waste products throughout the body Helps regulate body temperature Helps regulate body temperature

Components Blood Blood –Nutrient rich liquid has everything your cells need to survive –It also collects the waste products your cells produce Heart Heart –Primary organ that pumps blood throughout body Blood Vessels Blood Vessels –Vessel throughout the body that carry the blood 1.Arteries-carry blood away from heart 2.Veins- carry blood towards the heart 3.Capillaries- very small vessels in between arteries and veins 1.-very thin walled 2.-site of nutrient and waste exchange between circ. system and cells

T HREE T YPES OF C IRCULATION : 1.Systemic: arteries bring oxygenated blood to body cells and veins return deoxygenated blood back to heart 2. Pulmonary: pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to release CO2 and pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to the heart 3. Coronary: arteries supply the heart itself with oxygenated blood and veins carry waste products away © 2014 Getting Nerdy, LLC

Central Organ The Heart – a fist sized muscular organ that pumps blood through a network of blood vessels The Heart – a fist sized muscular organ that pumps blood through a network of blood vessels

The Heart a “double pump” A septum (wall) vertically divides into two sides A septum (wall) vertically divides into two sides Right- pumps blood to the lungs Right- pumps blood to the lungs Left- pumps blood to the other parts of the body Left- pumps blood to the other parts of the body Upper chambers- atrium Upper chambers- atrium –Collect blood Lower chambers- ventricles Lower chambers- ventricles –Pump blood

Heart Valves Valves- Flap of tissue that open in only one direction. Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards. Valves- Flap of tissue that open in only one direction. Valves prevent blood from flowing backwards.

Stucture of the Heart Right Ventricle Propels oxygen poor blood into Pulmonary arteries towards lungs Right Atrium Collects oygen poor blood from Vena Cavas Left Atrium Collects oxygen rich blood from pulmonary veins Inferior Vena Cava Large Vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower part of the body Tricuspid Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right atrium after it has entered the right ventricle Pulmonary Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle after it has entered the pulmonary artery Pulmonary Veins Bring oxygen-rich blood each of the lungs to the left atrium Superior Vena Cava Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from the upper part of the body Aorta Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the body Pulmonary Arteries Bring oxygen-poor blood to the lungs Aortic Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after it has entered the aorta Mitral (Biscupid)Valve Prevents blood from flowing back into the left atrium after it has entered the left ventricle Left Ventricle Propels Oxygen rich blood into Aorta Septum

9 Simplified flow: print and fill in details

10 Electrical conduction system: (Explanation in next slides) specialized cardiac muscle cells can carry impulses throughout the heart muscle, signaling the chambers to contract in the proper sequence

Conduction system SA node (sinoatrial) SA node (sinoatrial) –Known as the “pacemaker” –In dorsal wall Right Atrium –Site of connection be nervous system and heart –Sets basic rate: beats per minute –Impulse sent from SA node to atria causing R. and L. Atrium to contract –Impulse also sent to AV node (atrioventricular)

Conduction system AV node AV node –Located in the base of the Right Atrium near the Septum –Delays the impulse slightly which allows atria to finish their contraction before the ventricles begin their contraction Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His) Atrioventricular Bundle (Bundle of His) –In Septum (wall between R & L Ventricle) –Carries from AV node through to Purkinje Fibers located in the apex of the heart

Conduction system Purkinje Fibers Purkinje Fibers –Start at Apex (bottom of the heart) –Relay impulse upward through the ventricular walls –Cause ventricles to Contract

Regulation of Heart Beat Nervous system can speed up or slow down speed of heart beat depending on need Nervous system can speed up or slow down speed of heart beat depending on need What do you think the maximum beats per minute your heart is caple of? What do you think the maximum beats per minute your heart is caple of?

BLOOD

Composition of Blood 55% PLASMA- fluid portion of blood * similar to salt water -90% water -10% dissolved salts, nutrients, wastes, hormones ect… 45% SUSPENDED MATERIALS- “free floating” cells/platelets *Red blood cells = ERYTHROCYTES -carry oxygen -oxygen attaches to hemoglobin protein produced by these cells *White blood cells = LEUKOCYTES -fight disease and foreign invaders *platelets = THROMBOCYTES -blood clotting proteins (stop bleeding)

How much blood does the average adult have? How much blood does the average adult have? Interesting Fact Interesting Fact Blood cells are made in the bone marrow, the material in the center of the bones. The body will replenish the elements given during a blood donation – some in a matter of hours and others in a matter of weeks.

Antigens- substances, usually proteins, on surface of cells or particles. Antigens- substances, usually proteins, on surface of cells or particles. –Serve as “ID Cards” for living things  Our Immune System will attack cells or particles that do not match cells our own body –Create ABo blood group –Also create Rh+/Rh- blood group Blood Grouping Key Term

ABo Blood Grouping A antigens ONLY B antigens ONLY A & B antigens No antigens Abo Groups and Blood Transfusions Type A- may receive Type A or Type O Blood Type B- may receive Type B or Type O Blood Type AB- may receive Type A, Type B, Type AB or Type O Blood Type O- may only receive Type O Blood

Rh Factor Rhesus protein- may or may not be present Rhesus protein- may or may not be present Rh Factor and Blood Transfusions Rh+ individuals may receive Rh+ or Rh- blood Rh- individuals may only receive Rh- blood

Who is a universal donor? Who is a universal recipient?

Blood Blood is 45% cells and 55% plasma Blood is 45% cells and 55% plasma Blood Cells: Blood Cells: 1.Red Blood Cells: carry oxygen 2.White Blood Cells: fight disease 3.Platelets: stop bleeding by scabbing Blood Plasma: Blood Plasma: –90% water –10% nutrients and hormones

Blood Vessels

Vast network that keep the blood flowing in one direction Vast network that keep the blood flowing in one direction 1. Arteries and arterioles- carry blood away from the heart. Arteries are large, muscular vessels. They are strong and elastic which allow them to stretch as blood enters from the heart. 2. Arterioles are smaller and less muscular in size and turn into capillaries

Blood Vessels 3. Capillaries – tiny blood vessels in networks that allows exchange of material through diffusion, between blood and cells in tissue 4. Veinuoles- small blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood away from the capillaries. They turn into veins. 5. Veins- large blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. Veins have valves which prevents blood from flowing backwards.

Blood Vessels Capillary VeinArtery

Blood Pressure Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries. Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the blood on the wall of the arteries. –An example is 120/80 (systolic pressure/diastolic pressure.  Systolic pressure is the result of the contraction of the ventricles (normal )  Diastolic pressure is during the ventricle relaxation (normal 70-90)

Hypertension High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure –Stage 1 Systolic , Diastolic –Stage 2 Systolic 160+, Diastolic 100+