The Basics of Quality Control for Insect Rearing Norman C. Leppla University of Florida Department of Entomology and Nematology

Leppla’s Career in Insect Rearing University of Arizona- Insect Rearing Research, 2 years USDA, ARS- Insectary Management, Florida & Texas, 17 years USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, Washington DC & International, 7 years University of Florida- Integrated Pest Management, 10 years

Countries of Workshop Students

Educational Background Entomology Agronomy PhD MS BS Plant Health High School Number of responses On the Job

Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects Collection of appropriate biotypes Colonization and strain development Rearing proficiency Colony management Optimization Strain replacement

I. Introduction

II. Colony Establishment and Maintenance II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects

II. A. Purposes for Rearing Insects

Small Scale Rearing: Butterflies II. B. Types of Insect Rearing Systems Painted Lady Monarch Small Scale Rearing: Butterflies

Insect Rearing Facilities Diet Preparation Building General Rearing Building

State-of-the-Art Rearing Rooms

Medium-Scale Rearing: Lepidoptera Cabbage Looper Corn Earworm

USDA, ARS Rearing Keith Halein Clarence Green Jack Rye Bill Fisher

USDA, ARS Rearing Fred Adams Fred Adams Steve Carlyle

Insect rearing is never a boring task; insects are always doing something interesting and pose new challenges all the time Annie Lorie Punky Rogers USDA, ARS Rearing

Mass Rearing: Medfly Waimanalo, Hawaii Metapa, Mexico

Honolulu, Hawaii Nori Tanaka

II. C. Options for Colonizing Insects Peter Ebling Insect Producer Database Mgr. Great Lakes Forestry Centre 1219 Queen St. East Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 peter.ebling@nrcan.gc.ca (705) 541-5517

World-wide listing- 35 insect & 21 nematode orders Data submitted by sources Searchable database Expand clients Adopt-a-colony http://www.insect.glfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca

Field Collecting Cabbage Loopers

Continuous Improvement of Insect Rearing Capability

II. D. Maintaining the Quality of Colonized Insects

Specifications- Requirements for a product or service Standards- The level of quality at which a specification is written

Bonus: Learning How to Rear High Quality Insects Apprentice in an insectary Network with other professionals Literature plus trial-and-error Visit other insectaries Reviews by experts Education and Training programs

First Training Program for Insectary Managers Rearing Theory- Dietetics and nutrition, laboratory colonization, production, problems & solutions, quality assessment & performance, future of insect rearing as a scientific discipline Rearing Practical- Biology, colony maintenance, production management Insectary Management- Insect rearing management concept (IRM), planning, staff management

Insect Diet & Rearing Research, LLC Rearing news Research Consultation Educational programs Quality control Custom workshops http://www.insectdiets.com

III. Monitoring Quality III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality III. C. Production, Process and Product Control

III. A. Quality Control Criteria and Standardized Tests Quantity- Number of Pupae/Adults Size- Weight of Pupae Fecundity- Oviposition and Egg Hatch Rate of Development- Synchronization Adult Behavior- Flight, Longevity Field Performance- Achieve Purpose

III. B. Sampling for Consistent Quality Count= Measurement (X) Mean= Sum/Number of Counts (X) Variance= Sum of Counts - X2 (V) Standard Deviation= Square Root of V (S)

III. C. Production, Process and Product Control

IV. Evaluation and Management IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review

IV. A. Structured Diagnostic Procedures

IV. B. Quality Control versus Methods Improvement Monitor indicator variables Evaluate multiple variables Troubleshoot using QC data Conduct evaluations rapidly Goal is to restore stable production Methods Improvement Conduct evaluations methodically Test one variable at a time Use controlled experiments Test results in the production system Goal is to optimize production

IV. C. Periodic Review versus Crisis Review Terms of reference Preparation Seek to understand Clarify Reflect Report Feedback

V. Guidelines for Quality Systems Policy, Planning and Administration Design Assurance and Change Control Control of Purchased Materials Production Quality Control User Contact and Field Performance Corrective Action Employees- Select, Train and Motivate

Global Quality Control Programs Individual Companies Customers International Standards ISO 9000 ASTM IOBC Guidelines The Marketplace Quality Products

to facilitate and advance cost-effective rearing of high quality insects and other arthropods in support of biological control and integrated pest management http://www.amrqc.org

Workshops of the IOBC, WGQC (AMRQC) 1982 Gainesville, Florida E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1984 Wadenswil, Switzerland E. F. Boller and D. L. Chambers 1986 Guatemala City, Guatemala C. 0. Calkins 1988 Vancouver, Canada C. 0. Calkins 1991 Wageningen, Netherlands F. Bigler and J. C. van Lenteren 1992 Horsholm, Denmark F. Bigler 1993 Rimini, Italy M. Benuzzi and N. C. Leppla 1995 Santa Barbara, California R. F. Luck and N. C. Leppla 1998 Cali, Colombia N. C. Leppla and T. R. Ashley 2003 Montpellier, France P. De Clercq, S. Grenier and N. C. Leppla 2007 Montreal, Canada S. Grenier and C. S. Glenister 2010 Vienna, Austria P. De Clercq and T. A. Coudron

*Model Business Plan for a Sterile Insect Production Facility Improving Male Fruit Fly Performance Abiotic environment Holding Conditions Release methods (knockdown, handling) Biotic environment Juvenile hormone (Methoprine, fenoxycarb) Nutrients (sucrose, protein) Semiochemicals (methyl eugenol, citrus oil) Insect Pest Control (IPC) *Model Business Plan for a Sterile Insect Production Facility http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/ipc/index.

VI. Total Quality Management

Total Quality Management in Insect Rearing

Leppla’s Insect Rearing Quality Control References Leppla, N. C. 2008. The basics of quality control for insect rearing. In Principles and Procedures for Rearing Quality Insects. Mississippi State University. Leppla, N. C. 2004. The Basics of Insect Rearing. Encyclopedia of Entomology. Leppla, N. C. 2003. Guidelines for quality control of commercially produced natural enemies. In Quality Control and Production of Biological Control Agents, Theory and Testing Proc. Leppla, N. C. 2002. Rearing of Insects. Encyclopedia of Insects.

For more information or a copy of this presentation please visit: http://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu Extension Resources, Presentations