Rocks and the Rock Cycle:
Rocks and the Rock Cycle: Can rocks change from one type to another?
What is a rock?
What is a rock? A rock is a solid, naturally occurring chunk in the lithosphere that was melted, cemented, or pressed together.
What is a rock? A rock is a solid, naturally occurring chunk in the lithosphere that was melted, cemented, or pressed together. May or may not contain minerals.
Classifying rocks:
Classifying rocks: Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure.
Classifying rocks: Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure into three categories.
Classifying rocks: Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure into three categories. Grain size
Fine grain: Slate
Coarse grain: Diorite
No visible grain: Flint
Classifying rocks: Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure into three categories. Grain size Grain shape
Rounded grain: Conglomerate
Jagged grain: Breccia
Classifying rocks: Texture: Texture is a rock’s grain structure. Geologist’s break up a rock’s grain structure into three categories. Grain size Grain shape Grain pattern
Non-banded grain: Quartzite
Banded grain: Gneiss
Types of Rocks: Igneous rocks:
Types of igneous rocks: Basalt
Types of igneous rocks: Obsidian
Types of Rocks: Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava.
Types of Rocks: Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava. Extrusive igneous rocks: Formed from lava that hardened on the surface of the Earth.
Extrusive igneous: Rhyolite
Types of Rocks: Igneous rocks: This type forms from the cooling of magma or lava. Extrusive igneous rocks: Formed from lava that hardened on the surface of the Earth. Intrusive igneous rocks: Formed from magma that hardened beneath the surface of the Earth.
Intrusive igneous: Porphyry
Igneous rocks: Pumice
Types of Rocks: Sedimentary rocks:
Types of Rocks: Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
Types of Rocks: Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together.
Clastic Sedimentary rocks: Shale
Types of Rocks: Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together. Organic: Made of the remains of plants or animals.
Organic sedimentary rocks: Coquina
Types of Rocks: Sedimentary rocks: This type forms when particles of other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. Clastic: Made of small rocks squeezed together. Organic: Made of the remains of plants or animals. Chemical: Made of minerals that are dissolved in a solution and crystallize.
Chemical sedimentary rocks: Tufa
Types of Rocks: Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface.
Types of Rocks: Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Foliated rocks: Grains arranged in parallel layers or bands.
Foliated rocks: Phyllite
Types of Rocks: Metamorphic rocks: Formed from any rock by heat and pressure deep beneath the Earth’s surface. Foliated rocks: Grains arranged in parallel layers or bands. Non-foliated rocks: Grains are arranged randomly.
Non-foliated rocks: Hornfels
The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Volcanic activity The Rock Cycle Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Metamorphic rock
The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Volcanic activity The Rock Cycle Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Metamorphic rock
The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Volcanic activity The Rock Cycle Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Metamorphic rock
The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Volcanic activity The Rock Cycle Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Metamorphic rock
The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Volcanic activity The Rock Cycle Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Metamorphic rock
The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Volcanic activity The Rock Cycle Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Metamorphic rock
The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Volcanic activity The Rock Cycle Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Metamorphic rock
The Rock Cycle Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Volcanic activity The Rock Cycle Melting Erosion Deposition Heat and Pressure Sediment Igneous Rock Sedimentary rock Magma and Lava Metamorphic rock
Minerals
What are minerals and what do they look like?
Rocks vs. Minerals May contain minerals. May contain organic substances. Are classified by the way they were formed. Occur naturally in the lithosphere as a “chunk”. Contain elements or combinations of elements in a specific ratio. Ex. Emerald is Be Al Si O May form crystals. Occurs naturally in the lithosphere as a “chunk”.