Basis of modern english

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Presentation transcript:

Basis of modern english The history of English in ten minutes: The Anglosaxons: a video The Ages of English What types of words did the Anglo-Saxons give the English language?

Important dates 43AD Romans (Claudius) invade Britain (Britannia). Encountered Celtic tribes, Britons and Picts ( North) Romans built roads, villas, huge buildings, forts, cities like Londinium, Evoracum ( York), Aquae Sulis (Bath) and sanitation system. Introduced Christianity and lots of Latin words. 410AD Roman Empire falls, Romans leave Britain 450AD Jutes and the Angles and Saxons from Denmark or Northern Germany invade England. Germanic tribes. (polytheism) Anglo-Saxons push out Celts 597AD Anglo-Saxons become Christian (Saint Augustine)

Religion While Southern parts of England were Christian thanks to influence of Romans, Northern tribes remained pagan (believed in many gods) Angles and Saxons were pagan until 597 This influenced early English culture Literature had both Christian and pagan elements Early English Christian documents surviving from this time include the 7th-century illuminated Lindisfarne Gospels and the historical accounts written by the Venerable Bede. Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum (731)

The anglo-saxons

Who were the jutes/angles/saxons They were tribes from modern-day Denmark They came to England in the 5th Century ( south) Jutes, together with the Angles and the Saxons, make up the migrant groups to England who are now collectively known as Anglo-Saxons They were used as slaves by the Romans Jutes were wiped out by the Saxons.

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Old english literature It mixed Latin and vernacular language, mainly religious. Importance of oral tradition. Old manuscripts ( 9th-11th): Exeter, Vercelli book Poetry: alliterative verse, Kenning, litotes . Epic poetry ‘Beowulf’ ‘The Seafarer’ Prose: The Anglosaxon Cronicle, Anglosaxon riddles Religious books: Wessex Gospels Authors: Bede, King Alfred the Great, Cædmon

Vikings! 865 – come from Scandinavia to invade Britain, destroy monasteries Vikings rule in England until 1042, mixed with the Anglosaxons. Fun fact – Vikings spread as far as the Byzantine Empire, where they were hired as dogs Set up a capital at Jorvik (York) Jorvik centre The whole of England was unified with Norway and Denmark in the eleventh century, during the reign of the Danish king Cnut, succeeded by the Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor

Norman conquest Most important of all the “invasions” into England after the Romans left , why?? ( Domesday Book, French- Latin, elimination of slavery, Norman castles. Start of Middle English. 1066 – Normans ( William the Conqueror) beat the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings King Harold, King of the Anglo-Saxons is killed Normans take over the country from Anglo-Saxons