Standard 7.1.1 take-home assessment DO NOW: COPY HW ASSIGNMENT INTO AGENDA COPY ASSIGNMENT DETAILS INTO COMPOSITION BOOK Letter to Emperor Standard 7.1.1 take-home assessment

Assignment Details Remember our Letter to the Emperor assignment where you wrote about the most serious problem facing the Roman Empire? Tonight’s homework is to expand on that assignment in a formal assignment. Choose at least two (2) problems facing the Roman Empire during the 4th and 5th centuries AD (300s-400s AD). In a letter to the Roman Emperor, describe why you think these were the most serious problems facing the Roman Empire. Then, offer thoughtful solutions to these problems.

Letter to emperor final (COPY INTO CB) R = Role: Concerned citizen of Rome A = Audience: Emperor of the Roman Empire F = Format: Formal Letter T = Topic: At least 2 serious problems threatening the Empire and how we might be able to fix them Minimum 2 paragraphs (1st = problems, 2nd = solutions) TYPED OR VERY NEATLY WRITTEN on separate sheet of paper (NOT IN COMPOSITION BOOK!)

R.A.F.T. Rubric (Copy into composition book) At least 2 problems clearly stated: __/1 Each problem presented has support for why it is a serious problem (EVIDENCE) __/2 Student offers thoughtful solutions to problems __/2 Sentences used are student’s own words __/2 Proper grammar/spelling (at least 70%) __/1 Total: __/8

Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire 9/4/12 CORNELL NOTES Thanks to Mr. Banh for his awesome website

Video Questions: Inside Byzantium What religions or cultures did the Byzantine Empire borrow from? What was the capital of the Byzantine Empire? What was the Hagia Sophia? What made the Byzantine Empire so wealthy and powerful? What country was later influenced by the Byzantine Empire? Why did the Byzantine Empire weaken starting in the 7th century? Who defeated the Byzantine Empire and when? http://www.videopediaworld.com/video/26691/Legacy-of-the-Roman-Empire-Inside-Byzantium

THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE The Byzantine (or Eastern Roman) Empire Eastern Roman Empire  Byzantine Empire “Byzantine” – from city of Byzantium Renamed Constantinople by Constantine (300’s) Later renamed Istanbul by Turks (after 1453) Official language: Greek Religion: Orthodox Christianity Culture: blend of Greek, Roman, Persian

THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE Diocletian: Reforms (284-305 A.D.) Political: Increased size of military AND civil government in response to barbarian threats Empire Division = to fix problem of succession 2 Emperors (West and East) + 2 Caesars (Like Assistants) ----------------- 4 rulers (Tetrarchy) Economic: Tried making new coins -BACKFIRED: caused inflation: not enough gold to back up new money Religious persecution against Christians Social: made certain jobs (e.g. farmer, soldier, etc.) hereditary b/c of their importance to Roman Empire

THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE Diocletian’s Legacy Later life: Retired after 21 years of being emperor One of the few Roman emperors (after the end of the Pax Romana) to die peacefully Reforms: made with good intentions, but failed Tetrarchy: Collapsed after Diocletian’s retirement Civil war broke out & lasted until Constantine the Great reunited both halves of the Roman Empire in ~330 AD

THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE Constantine (ruled ~306-337 A.D.) Reunited Roman Empire under his own rule First Christian Emperor & stopped persecuting Christians Moved capital to Constantinople Passed reforms in Roman Empire New, more stable money (the solidus) Reorganized government & military Video 1:25-8:45 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3SRigfr9QeI

Constantinople

THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE Constantinople New capital of Empire founded by Constantine because it was… Easier to defend Located along many trade routes Formerly known as Byzantium Currently known as Istanbul

THE EASTERN ROMAN EMPIRE Theodosius (378-395 AD) Last emperor to “officially” rule over both halves of Roman Empire Split empire (yes, again) between sons upon death Because of political fighting and barbarian threats Made Christianity official religion of Roman Empire Passed laws against pagan (i.e. non-Christian) religions Was even made a saint in Orthodox Christianity

Fall of the western roman empire Odoacer (Germanic general) sacks Rome, = King of Italy in 476 A.D. EASTERN ROMAN Empire: - Loses most of Western provinces - Continues in East until 1453 A.D. -Constantinople = “New Rome”  BYZANTINE EMPIRE

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE Justinian (527-565 AD) Re-conquers some of the lost Western Provinces Public Works/Hagia Sophia Bankrupts the empire but makes it great

THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE BECOMES SMALLER TERRITORILY, BUT MORE INTEGRATED AND STRONG The Byzantine Empire shrinks (650-867 AD) …And rises again The Macedonian Dynasty (867-1025) Weak Emperors Conflicts with Arabs, Russians, Persians, Venetians Iconoclasm “Golden Age” Resurgence (rising/strengthening) Competent emperors, influences Russia

…and begins to fall {Slowly} The Crusades (1070-1300 AD) A series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims over access to The Holy Land (Jerusalem, in the Middle East  Arabian Peninsula)

The Byzantine Empire’s slow decline

The Ottoman Turks

Byzantine Empire Surrounded by 1450

Fall of the byzantine Empire Fall of Constantinople (1453) Legacy of Byzantine Empire Mehmed II & Ottoman Turks laid siege to city Broke through walls using cannons Constantine XI (last Byzantine Emperor) died defending city Buffer: Protected Western Europe from eastern invaders [for a time] Influences on art, architecture, & religion still seen today

Exit slip Copy the following rubric onto your exit slip paper. Summarize what you learned about the Byzantine Empire on a half sheet of paper. Use these terms: Rubric: Body of summary supports a clear topic __/1 Only necessary information in summary __/1 Sentences used are student’s own words __/1 Proper grammar/spelling __/1 Total: __/4