Slavery in Colonial North America

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Presentation transcript:

Slavery in Colonial North America

History of European Slavery Practiced by Greek Democracies Accounted for a large portion of Roman wealth Middle Ages: house slaves common in Mediterranean region 15th century pope forbids enslaving Christians Portuguese sought access to African slave trade Used on sugar plantations on Mediterranean Islands

African Societies Kinship bonds Polygyny Lower birth rates Women - higher social status than Europe Shifting cultivation Trading centers - Timbuktu Slavery was practiced but differed from European

Slave Trade All Western Europe nations Costal outposts Inland raids by rival tribes English - John Hawkins, Royal African Company 1672 (loses monopoly in 1698) Independent slavers from New England Fortunes made

The Middle Passage Baraccons > waiting ships “rammed like herring into a barrel” Torn flesh 3 weeks to 3 months “the dancing slave” Sanitation? 1/6 perished Revolts Drowning

Olaudah Equiano

The 1st Slave Auction New Amsterdam, 1655

North American Slavery A Society With Slaves 1619-1670’s 20 to VA in 1619 Remained low for decades Indentured servants more cost effective Society with Slaves v Slave Society Africans owning Africans?

North American Slavery A Slave Society 1670’s-1770’s Indentured servitude dwindles Higher wages in Britain Better opportunity in other colonies Planters feared landless whites Inheritable slavery written into law VA slave code 1705 serves as model

Upper South (Chesapeake) Tobacco Necessary? Better fed and “cared for” than Caribbean region By 1750’s 80% native born

Lower South Rice & Indigo Much larger plantations S. Carolina began as slave society Georgia prohibited slavery from 1732 until 1752

Slavery in the North Societies with slaves Acceptable institution Large concentrations in some areas but relatively uncommon in the countryside of NE Antislavery movement begins among Quakers (early 18thC) & in Philadelphia 1750’s

Daily Life & Culture “built the South” Rural labor Insufficient clothing = cost saving = inferior status Small farms – side by side with owner, better conditions but less autonomy Larger plantations – harder life but more autonomy

African Americans in colonial N. America Family – core institution but no legal status Slave codes Sale of family members Most managed to keep family intact – more profitable for master

African Americans in colonial N. America Children named for family members African names give way to Anglo names by late 18thC Kinship bonds

Culture E Pluribus Unum African religions until Great Awakening Burial dances Multi-rhythmic music Guinea-English dialect