Aim: How did Medieval Europe Develop?

Big Ideas During the Middle Ages (500 – 1400): There was disorder for a time after the collapse of the Roman Empire There was disorder for a time after the collapse of the Roman Empire Wealthy Landowners dominated society and provided people with protection Wealthy Landowners dominated society and provided people with protection People relied on the Christian Church for spiritual and Political guidance People relied on the Christian Church for spiritual and Political guidance Achievements in art and architecture centered around Christianity Achievements in art and architecture centered around Christianity

Key People and Terms Medieval Medieval Charlemagne Charlemagne Chivalry Chivalry Manorialism Manorialism Serfs Serfs Secular Secular Excommunicated Excommunicated Pope Innocent III Pope Innocent III Monasteries Monasteries Anti-Semitism Anti-Semitism Gothic Gothic

Charlemagne and the Franks In the 800s, Charlemagne came to power. He was a Germanic Kings (Frankish King) who built an empire across what is today France, Germany, and Italy with the help of Pope Leo III. In the 800s, Charlemagne came to power. He was a Germanic Kings (Frankish King) who built an empire across what is today France, Germany, and Italy with the help of Pope Leo III. The Pope called for help defeating those fighting Rome and Charlemagne responded and was name “Holy Roman Emperor” The Pope called for help defeating those fighting Rome and Charlemagne responded and was name “Holy Roman Emperor”

Charlemagne’s Beliefs The Holy Roman Emperor believed in: The Holy Roman Emperor believed in: – Spreading Christianity throughout Europe – Education of government officials – He gave land to nobles and expected them to help in wars to spread Christianity After his death in, his three grandsons divided his empire into three separate Kingdoms. After his death in, his three grandsons divided his empire into three separate Kingdoms.

What is Feudalism? Feudalism is a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their large landholdings amongst Lesser Lords known as Vassals. Feudalism is a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their large landholdings amongst Lesser Lords known as Vassals. – A Lord granted his Vassal a Fief or estate (a portion of land). These estates included Peasants needed to work the land. –The Lord promised protection and land, and the vassal pledged loyalty, 40 days of military service per year, money in the form of taxes, and advice on how to conduct business and government.

Promised Made and Promises Kept LordVassal Fief FiefProtectionLoyalty Military Service TaxesAdvice

Hierarchy of the Feudal Society King- Most powerful Lord Lord Vassal Lesser Vassal Knights Peasants

Everyone has a Place in Society Everyone had a place in Feudal Society, and everyone knew their place and would not dare go against it. –Each Lord had a Vassal, the same man could be both a Lord and Vassal. He would be a Vassal to a more powerful Lord and a Lord to a less powerful Vassal

What role did Knights play in Feudal Society? From the time a boy was seven years old he began to train for an occupation as a Knight or a mounted warrior. He learned to keep his armor and weapons in top condition. Training was difficult and strict, laziness was severely punished. By the age of 21, men became full Knights. Knights had a helmet, shield, lance, sword, several horses with armor, and saddles, as well as Squires or Knights in training.

What is Chivalry? Chivalry is a code of conduct followed by Knights. The code was to be: brave brave LoyalLoyal True to your word.True to your word. To fight fairlyTo fight fairly Be generous to their enemy.Be generous to their enemy. Chivalry shaped our modern ideas of Romance. Chivalry shaped our modern ideas of Romance.

Role of the Noblewomen The Noblewomen could: –Become Lord of the Manor while her husband or father was off fighting –Supervise vassals –Managed households –Conducted medical tasks –Take a role in politics (few did) –Could claim an inheritance (few did) Prior to marriage, Noblewomen were expected to: –To know how to spin, weave, and supervise servants –Some learned to read and write. –Their main job was to bear children and be dutiful to their husband.

What was Manor Life? The Manor or Lords Estate was at the heart of the economy of the Middle Ages. –The Manors included one or more villages and its surrounding lands. Peasants made up the majority of Medieval society and they lived and worked on the Manor. –They were known as Serfs or those bound to the land. They were NOT slaves, yet they were NOT free.

Serfs could not leave the land without permission. –If a Manor was sold to another Lord the peasants went with the land. Money had largely disappeared during Manor Life. Money had largely disappeared during Manor Life. –Payments were made in grain, fruit, honey, eggs, and chickens. The Lords gave their serfs acres of farm land and offered protection from the Vikings. –While serfs were not free, they could not be kicked off the land and they were guaranteed food, housing, and land to farm.

The Manor Manor House Blacksmith shop House for the Priest Church The Mill Homes for the Serfs a 1 room hut for the whole family Serfs farming land Fields planted for the Lord The fields would be rotated each year to allow the soil to rest. This is known as leaving land fallow. Farm Land

Suit of Armor c. 1400

Hierarchy of the Catholic Church Pope Cardinals Arch-Bishops Bishops Priests (in the Roman Catholic Church only men could serve as Priests and they were force to take an oath of celibacy and could not marry). Monks Nuns- position for women in the church. Women could not take part in services but were allowed to assist in the operation of the church. Nuns took and oath of celibacy and could not marry.

Beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church Pope has all authority he is God’s representative on Earth –He rules the Papal States- later Vatican City in Italy. All people are sinners and are doomed to eternal suffering. –To avoid hell you had to take part in the Sacrament which were the sacred rituals of the Roman Catholic Church. The Church follows it s own laws known as Canon Law. –If you refused to obey church laws you could be Excommunicated which meant you could not receive the Sacraments which in turn meant you were to be damned to hell.

Role of the Church in the daily life The Serfs had no contact with the Pope or other high officials. They only had contact with their local priests. The Serfs had no contact with the Pope or other high officials. They only had contact with their local priests. Inside every manor was a church where Priests held Mass, baptized children, performed marriages, and spread news and gossip. Priests also began to run schools.Inside every manor was a church where Priests held Mass, baptized children, performed marriages, and spread news and gossip. Priests also began to run schools. All people were required to pay a Tithe or tax which equaled 10% of your income. All people were required to pay a Tithe or tax which equaled 10% of your income.

How were Jews treated in the Middle Ages? The Jews were originally expelled from Palestine by the Romans, they settled all around Europe while working to keep their faith. Muslims tolerated the Jews during the Middle Ages as Catholics and Muslims were busy battling each other. Medieval Catholics began to persecute Jews because they were blamed for the death of Jesus Christ. Many Christians believed it was the Jews who were responsible for the death of Jesus.

Jews were: 1.Taxed heavily 2.Barred from owning property 3.Barred from most occupations 4.Barred from living in many areas As Anti-Semitism (hatred of the Jews) grew; Jews were blamed for all ills of society including disease, famine, and economic hardships. Jews had to flee from Eastern Europe to escape persecution.As Anti-Semitism (hatred of the Jews) grew; Jews were blamed for all ills of society including disease, famine, and economic hardships. Jews had to flee from Eastern Europe to escape persecution.

St. Peters Basilica in Vatican City