3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions —Er wacht auf, weil pfeilschnelle Segelboote durch seinen Traum zischen

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions Conjunctions join words, phrases, clauses, and sentences together. They help to establish a logical relationship between the elements they join. In German, there are coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions.

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions Adverbial conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions aber but denn for, since, because oder or sondern rather und and also therefore außerdem besides dann then deshalb therefore deswegen because of that sonst otherwise trotzdem nevertheless als when bevor before bis until da since damit so that dass that ehe before falls in case indem while nachdem after ob whether obwohl although seitdem since während while weil because wenn if, when(ever)

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions ACHTUNG! Make sure to note the difference in nuance in the use of als and wenn. Als is used to talk about when you did something in the past or to express the notion while you were doing something. Wenn is used to talk about something you did on a regular basis in the past or to express the notion whenever I did something. Als ich Redakteur war, blieb ich auf dem neuesten Stand. When I was an editor, I stayed up-to-date. (Immer) wenn ich als Kind eine Folge verpasste, wurde ich böse. When(ever) I missed an episode as a child, I got mad. Wenn is also used to mean whenever in the present and future tense. Wenn ich nach Berlin fahre, besuche ich meine Kusine. When(ever) I go to Berlin, I visit my cousin.

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions Coordinating conjunctions join words, clauses, and sentences. They do not affect word order. The verb stays in the second position. Er hörte Radio, denn er hat keinen Fernseher. He listened to the radio, since he doesn’t have a TV. Wir drehen keinen Film, sondern wir übertragen einen. We are not making a movie, but rather we are broadcasting one.

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions Adverbial conjunctions are adverbs that connect sentences and clauses. They cause inverted word order in the clause they introduce. The conjugated verb of the second part of the sentence (the dependent clause) comes directly after the conjunction and is followed by the subject. Sie waren erst im Kino, dann sind sie mit Freunden ausgegangen. They were at the movies first, then they went out with friends. Ich mag Rundfunk, deshalb studiere ich Medienwissenschaften. I like broadcasting, therefore I’m majoring in media studies.

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions Subordinating conjunctions combine a main clause with a dependent clause. The dependent clause is subordinate to the main clause or dependent on it. It cannot stand alone. The word order in the subordinate clause changes: the conjugated verb is moved to the end of the clause. Die Zuschauer freuten sich über die Liveübertragung des Fußballspiels, da sie nicht zum Spiel gegangen sind. The viewers were excited about the live broadcast of the soccer game, since they didn’t go to the game. Wir haben eine Kleinanzeige in der Zeitung aufgegeben, weil wir die Comichefte verkaufen wollten. We placed a classified ad in the paper, because we wanted to sell the comic books.

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions If the sentence begins with the subordinate clause, the conjugated verb of the main clause directly follows the comma after the subordinate clause. This results in back- to-back verbs, separated by a comma. Als der Werbespot im Kino lief, sprachen die Zuschauer sehr laut. When the commercial showed in the movie theater, the viewers spoke loudly. Obwohl der Schauspieler nichts Geniales berichtete, nahm ich das Interview auf. Although the actor didn’t report on anything ingenious, I recorded the interview.

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions Typically, two subordinating conjunctions are not placed directly next to each other. Der Reporter weiss, dass er auf dem Laufenden bleiben muss, wenn er eine gute Zeitung herausbringen will. The reporter knows that if he wants to publish a good newspaper, he has to keep up with the news.

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions A comma is placed before the coordinating conjunctions aber, denn, and sondern and before subordinating conjunctions found in the middle of a sentence. The comma is not essential before und and oder, but it may make the sentence clearer for the reader. Sie schrieb viel, denn sie kannte die Geschichte. She wrote a lot because she knew the story. Sie sieht jeden Abend die Nachrichten, damit sie informiert bleibt. She watches the news every evening, so that she stays informed.

3.2 Lektion 3 Medieneinflüsse STRUKTUREN © and ® 2012 Vista Higher Learning, Inc Coordinating, adverbial, and subordinating conjunctions Ich gehe ins Kino und er geht ins Theater. Ich gehe ins Kino, und er geht ins Theater. I’m going to the movies, and he’s going to the theater.