BONES SKELETAL SYSTEM

WHAT HAPPENED TO ALL THE BONES?? As a newborn you are born with over 300 bones! As an adult you have only 206! What happened to all the other bones? Embryos are composed mostly of cartilage! Newborn baby

CAN YOU BELIEVE WE HAVE 206 BONES? Skull and upper jaw—21 bones Ear—3 tiny bones Lower jaw (mandible) Front neck bone (hyoid) Backbone/spine—26 separate bones (vertebrae) Ribs—12 pairs Breast bone Upper limbs—32 bones (2-shoulder, 3 arm, 8 wrist, 19 hand) Lower limbs—31 bones (1 hip, 4 leg, 7 ankle, 19 foot)

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON 1.Support 2.Protection 3.Movement 4.Storage of minerals 5.Production of blood cells

SKELETAL SYSTEM Made up of bones, joints and connective tissue

AXIAL SKELETON Consists of the following bones: Skull Vertebral column Rib Cage

APPENDICULAR SKELETON Arms and leg bones, pelvis, and shoulder areas Movement Production of blood cells Storage of minerals Appendicular Axial

PARTS OF A BONE A.Periosteum—living membrane covering outside of bone, except the joint. Contains nerves and vessels that allow us to feel pain (when we break a bone). B.Spongy bone—tissue with many space, located at end of long bones & in the middle of flat bones C.Compact bone—very dense, located in shafts of long bones D.Epiphyseal plate—growth plate E.Marrow- bone cells A.Red—produces RBCs B.Yellow—mostly fat cells

PARTS OF A BONE F.Haversian Canals—spaces through which nerves and blood vessels pass G.Osteoblasts—produce bone, bone builder cells H.Osteoclasts—break done bone, bone destroyer cells I.Osteocytes- fancy name for mature bone cells J.Cartilage- tough, flexible, connective tissue that supports the body

JOINTS Joints are the places where bones meet and touch There are three classification of joints Immovable Slightly Movable Freely Movable

TYPES OF FREE MOVING BONE JOINTS

TYPES OF FREE MOVING JOINTS A ball and socket joint allows for radial movement in almost any direction. They are found in the hips and shoulders. A hinge joint allows extension and retraction of an appendage.

TYPES OF FREE MOVING JOINTS saddle joint allows movement back and forth and up and down, bot does not allow for rotation like a ball and socket joint. gliding or plane joint bones slide past each other. Midcarpal and midtarsal joints are gliding joints Pivot joints allow rotation around an axis. The neck and forearms have pivot joints. Neck--occipital bone spins over the top of the axis. Forearms--radius and ulna twist around each other.

NAME THE JOINT TYPE Hinge Joint

NAME THE JOINT TYPE Fixed Joint Pivot Joint Pivot Joint

NAME THE JOINT TYPE Ball & Socket

TENDON VS LIGAMENT Tendon—attaches muscle to bone (sprain) Ligaments—attach bone to bone (strain)

INJURY AND ILLNESS Broken bones Arthritis Cellulitis Mrs. Barber’s broken ankle Inflammation of joints Infection/inflammation of skin or connective tissue