PC Internal Components Lesson 4

 Intel is perhaps the most recognizable microprocessor manufacturer. List some others.

 Define the term Microprocessor and its importance to a PC.  Identify the internal components of a PC.  Define computer bus and identify the different parts of the bus.  Understand cache memory and how it works.  Recognize the different types of computer ports.

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 November Intel engineers invented the world’s first commercial microprocessor, the 4004  2,300 transistors  Performed 60,000 calculations/second  Microprocessor has become the most complex mass-produced product ever developed

 Intel’s based on CISC – Complex Instruction Set Computing  Uses commands that incorporate many small instructions to carry out a single operation  Also: DEC Alpha, IBM’s RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing), Cyrix Chips, AMD Chips,etc.

 Largest circuit board inside the PC  Contains millions of electronic circuit elements on chips of silicon  Expansion sockets or slots (known as the Bus), permitting installation of additional circuit boards

 Physical arrangement  Computer’s basic circuitry and components  Circuitry is imprinted or affixed to the surface  Popular design is the AT, based on the IBM AT motherboard  The ATX improves on the AT design

 In both types the computer components included in the mother board are:  Microprocessor, Coprocessors (optional), Memory, BIOS, Expansion Slots and Interconnecting Circuitry (bus)

 Additional components added to a through expansion slots (RAM).  Electronic interface between the motherboard and the smaller boards or cards in the expansion slots is called the bus.

 Physical device that allows one hardware or electronic interface to be adapted to another  Adapter is often built into a card that can be inserted into a slot  Adapts information that is exchanged between the microprocessor and the devices (Video, Printer, Fax, Modems)

 Add capability to a computer in the form of connection pinholes and a place to fit an expansion card  Specialized capability such as video acceleration, sound, or disk drive control  Most desktops come with a set of expansion slots

 ISA (Industry Standard Architecture)  PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)  PCIE (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)  AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)  RAM

 Distributes electricity to the various components of the PC system  Electrical cord plugged into  Includes a fan that cools the internal components

 Path between components of a computer.  Electronic pathway along which signals are sent from one part of a computer to another  2 main buses in a computer 1. Internal (or System) Bus 2. External (or Expansion) Bus

1. Internal (or System) Bus: ◦ Resides on the motherboard ◦ Connects the CPU to other devices on the motherboard 2. External (or Expansion) Bus: ◦ Connects external devices to the CPU ◦ Cables are plugged into the bus

 2 Parts 1. Data Bus  Transfers all of the data  Group of parallel wires, affects the speed 2. Address Bus  Transfers memory addresses  Where the data is read and written to

 Moving data between RAM and the CPU’s registers is time consuming  Cache memory is similar to RAM, except that it is extremely fast compared to normal memory and is used in a different way

CPU RAM CACHE Could also be a chip next to CPU System Bus

 Parallel Interface ◦ 8 or more wires through which data bits can flow simultaneously. ◦ Examples: Printers & Scanners.  Serial Interface ◦ Data bits are transmitted one at a time through a single wire ◦ Universal Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter (UART) converts parallel data from the bus into serial ◦ Examples: Modem & Fax machines.

 SCSI - Small Computer System Interface (scuzzy) ◦ Extends the bus outside the computer by way of a cable ◦ Like an extension cord for the data bus  USB – Universal Serial Bus ◦ Standard now with all PC’s ◦ Allows 127 devices to be connected to the bus via a single port

 IEEE 1394 FireWire ◦ Extends the system bus to many peripheral devices through a single port ◦ Expensive to use. It used for plugging video and other high-data-throughout devices  MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) ◦ Group of musical instrument manufacturers developed the technology to enable electronic instruments to communicate

 PC Cards ◦ About the size of a credit card ◦ Fit into a slot on the back or side of a notebook computer ◦ Some types of Digital Cameras accept PC Cards ◦ Used for a wide variety of purposes ◦ Modems, network cards, memory, hard drives

 Compare/Contrast at least 4 different microprocessors. Choose different manufacturers (Intel, AMD, TI, etc.)  Include speed, characteristics, similarities, differences, etc.  You may work with a partner. Hand in when completed.

 Work on your projects with your partner.  Due Thursday 9/11 Directions