Question Without using your book or electronic devices: Make a definition of what a magnet is.

Magnets

What is a magnet? A magnet is an object that attracts certain materials usually objects made of iron or steel.

A magnet has two ends called magnetic poles or just poles for short. A magnet’s pull is strongest at the poles. Poles are usually marked North and South.

Types of Magnets There are three types of magnets. Permanent Temporary Electromagnet

Permanent Magnets These are naturally occurring pieces of a mineral called magnetite. It also has another name known as “lodestone”. Key features: Naturally occurring Magnetic field cannot be turned off Magnetic field has a specific direction Cannot increase the field strength

Temporary Magnets These are pieces of iron, steel, or cobalt that have been temporarily turned into a magnet. Key features: Occurs when a permanent magnet is rubbed along a piece of iron, steel, or cobalt Magnetic field cannot be turned off, however it doesn’t last long Magnetic field has a specific direction which is determined by the permanent magnet. Field strength is determined by strength of permanent magnet used on it.

Electromagnets Will be discussed in detail later.

Magnetic Forces

Forces you feel when playing with magnets can be pushes or pulls. A magnetic field is the space all around a magnet where the force of the magnet can act. You can’t see the field

Forces between magnetic poles are like forces between electric charges. Opposite magnetic poles attract, and like poles repel. North and South poles attract. North and North poles repel or push away. South and South poles repel or push away.

How does it work?

Magnetic Force With the charges lined up it creates a greater amount of force that can react at a distance.

What about a temporary magnet?

Remember everything that is matter has charges in them Remember everything that is matter has charges in them. However until those charges line up or move in the same direction they have very little force.

Compass

The North and South seeking poles of magnets have been helpful to people for hundreds of years to find direction.

The first magnets used were made of heavy natural material called a lodestone, which is a mineral magnetite. A compass today uses a lightweight magnetic needle that is free to turn. A compass needle points along an imaginary line connecting the North and South poles. This is because earth is like a giant magnet.

Field lines of earth’s magnetic field come together close to the planet’s North and South poles. The north-seeking pole of the free- moving magnet in the compass points to Earth’s North Pole.

Section 1: What is Electromagnetism?

What is electromagnetism? (1820) Hans Christian Oersted produced a current in a wire during a lecture. When he brought a compass near the wire, the compass changed direction. Whenever he turned on the current in the wire, the compass needles lined up around the write in the shape of a circle.

Electric Current & Magnetism How can you observe electromagnetism? Compass & electric current A compass needle normally points north because it aligns itself with Earth’s magnetic field The needles of compasses surrounding a current will align with the current, producing a circle

Electric Current & Magnetism Wherever there is electricity, there is magnetism An electric current produces a magnetic field This relationship is called electromagnetism

What do they look like? An electromagnets can be made out of a variety of materials but they all have the following: Voltage source (battery or other source) A magnetic core Wire wrapped around the core. This is known as a solenoid. The more times the wire is wrapped around the core the greater the strength of the magnet.

Electromagnets day 2

Ball Drop Review

The Magnetic Field The magnetic field produced by a current has three distinct characteristics: The field can be turned on and off The field can have its direction reversed The field can have its strength changed

The Magnetic Field You can turn a magnetic field produced by a current on and off… How can you turn the magnetic field off? Simply by turning the current off!

The Magnetic Field You can change the direction of a magnetic field… How can you change the direction? Simply by reversing the direction of the current!

Solenoids You can change the strength of a magnetic field produced by a current… How can you change the strength? Simply by looping, or winding, the wire of the wire! The strength will increase as the number of loops or coils increases A solenoid is a coil of wire with a current.

Electromagnets A solenoid with a ferromagnetic core is called an electromagnet. The magnetic field of an electromagnet can be hundreds or thousands of times stronger than the magnetic field of the current alone Basically, an electromagnet is a strong magnet that can be turned on or off.

Electromagnets You can increase the strength of an electromagnetic field… Increase the current in the solenoid Add more loops of wire to the solenoid Wind the coils of the solenoid closer together Increase the strength of an electromagnet by using a stronger ferromagnetic material for the core

Simulation http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/ma gnets-and-electromagnets

Does theory match up??? Test whether adding more wraps does create a stronger magnetic field.

Common Electromagnets Audiotapes Videotapes Computer hard drives Credit cards Doorbells Radios Refrigerators

Electric Motors

Electric Motor An electromagnet is the basis of an electric motor An electric motor is all about magnets and magnetism: A motor uses magnets to create motion. Opposites attract and likes repel. Inside an electric motor, these attracting and repelling forces create rotational motion. A motor is consist of two magnets.

Vertical position of the loop: Rotation N S