America Finishes the War Chapter 12, Section 4 December 2, 2010

The War in 1917 By 1917, the war had been on for three years. Many hoped the U.S. could help end it. By 1917, the war had been on for three years. Many hoped the U.S. could help end it. “DOUGHBOYS” – Name for U.S. soldiers in the war. “DOUGHBOYS” – Name for U.S. soldiers in the war. Why was it so bloody? Why was it so bloody? TRENCH WARFARE – On the “western front,” trenches were built on both sides with a “NO MAN’S LAND” in between.TRENCH WARFARE – On the “western front,” trenches were built on both sides with a “NO MAN’S LAND” in between. This makes a DEFENSIVE WAR – lots of killing, very little progress being made.This makes a DEFENSIVE WAR – lots of killing, very little progress being made.

Trench Warfare

New Technology: The reason for a DEFENSIVE war Machine guns – Were set up in trenches to keep people from entering “no man’s land” Machine guns – Were set up in trenches to keep people from entering “no man’s land” Barbed wire – Set up in “no man’s land.” Barbed wire – Set up in “no man’s land.” Poison gas – Thrown into the trenches Poison gas – Thrown into the trenches Tanks Tanks Combat airplanes Combat airplanes

Russia Leaves the War By 1917, the BOLSHEVIKS, led by Vladimir Lenin, take power in Russia and establish a COMMUNIST state. By 1917, the BOLSHEVIKS, led by Vladimir Lenin, take power in Russia and establish a COMMUNIST state. Russia pulls out of the war with the TREATY of BREST-LITOVSK. Russia pulls out of the war with the TREATY of BREST-LITOVSK. Germany now concentrates on the Western front. Germany now concentrates on the Western front.

An End to War By June 1918, the Germans had pushed into Allied territory, but their attack stalls. By June 1918, the Germans had pushed into Allied territory, but their attack stalls. By 1918, the Allies (with Americans) push back, and by November, they had broken open the German lines of defense. By 1918, the Allies (with Americans) push back, and by November, they had broken open the German lines of defense. On 11/11/1918 at 11 am, an ARMISTICE (agreement to stop fighting) ends the war. On 11/11/1918 at 11 am, an ARMISTICE (agreement to stop fighting) ends the war.

A Flawed Peace “Big Four” participate in peace conference at VERSAILLES. “Big Four” participate in peace conference at VERSAILLES. Wilson – U.S.Wilson – U.S. David Lloyd George – BritainDavid Lloyd George – Britain Georges Clemenceau – FranceGeorges Clemenceau – France Vittorio Orlando -- ItalyVittorio Orlando -- Italy European countries want a HARSH punishment – want Germany to suffer for what they have done. European countries want a HARSH punishment – want Germany to suffer for what they have done. Wilson feels like it needs to be less harsh. He is worried that the peace will fail. Wilson feels like it needs to be less harsh. He is worried that the peace will fail.

FOURTEEN POINTS Wilson has a plan for a “lasting peace” called the Fourteen points. Wilson has a plan for a “lasting peace” called the Fourteen points. Some of its high points: Some of its high points: Free tradeFree trade Disarmament (less weapons)Disarmament (less weapons) Freedom of the SeasFreedom of the Seas Open diplomacyOpen diplomacy LEAGUE OF NATIONS – a group of nations that would help promote peace and avoid future wars.LEAGUE OF NATIONS – a group of nations that would help promote peace and avoid future wars.

TREATY OF VERSAILLES Wilson’s plan flies like a sack of wet concrete. Wilson’s plan flies like a sack of wet concrete. Germany eventually signs the TREATY of VERSAILLES. Germany eventually signs the TREATY of VERSAILLES. Stripped of his armed forcesStripped of his armed forces Forced to pay REPARATIONS of $33 billionForced to pay REPARATIONS of $33 billion Had to say the war’s start was their fault.Had to say the war’s start was their fault. It does have Wilson’s League of Nations in it – he likes that. It does have Wilson’s League of Nations in it – he likes that.

Don’t punch a man when he’s down… Kick him because it’s easier… Wilson comes back with the ToV for Congress to ratify. Wilson comes back with the ToV for Congress to ratify. Two groups wouldn’t ratify the treaty. They were worried that it would take away the power of Congress to declare war. Two groups wouldn’t ratify the treaty. They were worried that it would take away the power of Congress to declare war. “Irreconcilables” wouldn’t ratify it for any reason.“Irreconcilables” wouldn’t ratify it for any reason. “Reservationists” wanted changes before they ratified. Led by HENRY CABOT LODGE.“Reservationists” wanted changes before they ratified. Led by HENRY CABOT LODGE. Wilson campaigns hard to the people, has a stroke, but won’t compromise with Congress. Wilson campaigns hard to the people, has a stroke, but won’t compromise with Congress. The U.S. never ratifies the Treaty of Versailles. The U.S. never ratifies the Treaty of Versailles.