By: Hajer El Furjani, Georgina Krüger and Nita Helseth

 Anxiety : normal human response to situations  Anxiety disorders: mental disorders characterized by excessive feelings of anxiety and fear  Affect more female and children  Affect 18% of Americans and 14% of Europeans  Often occur with other mental disorders

EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMSPHYSICAL SYMPTOMS  Excessive worry  Feeling nervous  Fatigue  Trouble concentrating or thinking about anything other than the present worry  Sleep disturbance  Headache  Tachycardia  Tachypnoea /dyspnoea  Sweating  Dizziness  Stomach and chest pain  Diarrhea  Muscle spasm

 Family history of mental diseases  Stressful life  Health issues :asthma diabetes, heart diseases and hormonal problems  Substance abuse: cannabis, amphetamines, alcohol and sedatives

 Generalized anxiety disorders  Phobias  Panic disorders  Posttraumatic stress disorder  Mixed

A. >6months with:tension, worry and feelings of apprehension, about everyday events and problems B. >4 symptoms of list (see handout) Autonomic arousal symptoms (1) Palpitations or pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate. (2) Sweating. (3) Trembling or shaking. (4) Dry mouth (not due to medication or dehydration).

 Specific phobias Animal type, natural environment type, situational type, blood-injection-injury type, and other  Agoraphobia Fear to leave „safe“ places  Social phobias Diagnosis: Liebowitz social anxiety scale

 Unexpected, recurrent panic attacks, +related behaviour change+worry about the attack's consequences  May be mistaken by heart attack

 After exposure to one or more traumatic events  Symptoms: Flashbacks Avoidance or numbing of memories of the event Hyperarousal

 May develop from anxiety disorder  People feel the need to: Check things repeatedly Have certain thoughts repeatedly Perform certain routines repeatedly  Unable to control thoughts or activities  Relieve after activities are performed

 Treatable with mental professionals  Two main treatments Psychotherapy Medications  Can use combination  Need specific treatment for each patient  Time of treatment varies

 Talk therapy/psychological counselling  Cognitive-behavioral therapy  Reduce anxiety symptoms when they understand their anxiety  Increase awareness  Counteract the symptoms  Reduce or control anxiety

 Antidepressants Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor  Buspirone  Benzodiazepines – relieve acute anxiety symptoms, short-term Alprazolam Chlordiazepexide Diazepam Lorazepam Oxazepam

  disorders disorders  lish.pdf lish.pdf  gad/index.shtml gad/index.shtml  onepage&q&f=false onepage&q&f=false  disorder/basics/treatment/con , 25th Sept disorder/basics/treatment/con  June     15th Juli  Drugs in anxiety disorders, pharmacology lecture