The Peculiar Institution- Slavery

Standards & Essential Question SSUSH8: Explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. SSUSH8: Explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. ________________ owner of The Liberator favored northern secession from the South. ________________ owner of The Liberator favored northern secession from the South. How did the South defend their “Peculiar Institution”? Give at least 2 examples. How did the South defend their “Peculiar Institution”? Give at least 2 examples. President ________________, “Old Tippecanoe”, caught pneumonia after delivering his lengthy inauguration address. President ________________, “Old Tippecanoe”, caught pneumonia after delivering his lengthy inauguration address. Why did Great Britain want independent Texas to abolish slavery? Why did Great Britain want independent Texas to abolish slavery?

Take Five… What were the differences between Northern labor (immigrants) and Southern labor (slaves)? What were the differences between Northern labor (immigrants) and Southern labor (slaves)?

A new threat to an old institution Rebellion Rebellion –Nat Turner  Southampton County Massacre –Gabriel Prosser –Denmark Vessey Gabriel Prosser

The Practice of Slavery Northern point of view Northern point of view –Manumission Southern point of view Southern point of view –Backbone of agriculture –Protecting blacks from poor whites Mason-Dixon line Mason-Dixon line Colonization movement Colonization movement –American Colonization Society –Sierra Leone –Liberia (Monrovia)

Defending Slavery A Peculiar Institution A Peculiar Institution Insulation and suppression of dissent Insulation and suppression of dissent –Distribution laws –Encouraging anti-abolitionist activates –Tabling anti-slavery legislation

Defending Slavery A “positive good” A “positive good” –Thomas Roderick Dew –John C. Calhoun –Quoting the Bible –Examples of advanced slave holding civilizations –Southern aristocracy Reformed state slave codes Reformed state slave codes –Minimum living standards  Jefferson & Joseph Davis

Defending Slavery The Justification for slavery The Justification for slavery –George Fitzhugh  A Sociology for the South & Cannibals All!  Comparing Northern Industrial workers to Southern slaves Maintaining control Maintaining control –Freed blacks must leave the south –Crime to teach a slave to read –Religion –Slave patrols  “Paddyrollers”  Written passes

Take Five… What does Paternalism mean? What does Paternalism mean? What were some of the justifications of slavery for the South? What were some of the justifications of slavery for the South?

How slavery was perceived Pro-slavery interpretation Stephen Foster Paternalistic Gone with the Wind

Paternalism

Anti-slavery interpretation African American abolitionists Sojourner Truth Frederick Douglass Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin A Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin

What slavery was actually like White perspective Slave-owning statistics Yeomen class Jacob Eaton

United States Region Number of Slaves Percentage of Total Population Lower South 2,312, % Lower South 2,312, % Upper South 1,208,758 29% Upper South 1,208,758 29% Border States 432,586 13% Border States 432,586 13% 1/3 of all southerners owned slaves 1/3 of all southerners owned slaves 88% of all slave owners owned 20 or fewer slaves 88% of all slave owners owned 20 or fewer slaves 50% owned fewer than 5 slaves 50% owned fewer than 5 slaves

Black perspective Field hands vs. domestic servants “King Cotton” and other cash crops Self-sufficient plantations Valuable human property Statistics-the cost of labor Abuse Overseer, straw boss or slaver driver Task system Gang labor

King Cotton

Slave trade Domestic slave trade “Sold down the river” AuctionBreeding Foreign slave trade Smuggling Vicksburg Convention

Life in the slave quarters Slave rights Corporal punishment Diverse living conditions Small farms Large plantations Working for pay The model plantation of Jefferson & Joseph Davis

Forms of protest Perception of slaves Thieving Running away “Underground railway” “Underground railway” Harriett Tubman Fugitive Slave Act 1850

Forms of protest (con’t) Religion Protestant Christianity Identifying with the Hebrews “Playing Uncle Tom” Uncle Remus