Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND UKRAINIAN LAW 2nd of March, 1995 ABOUT PESTICIDES AND AGROCHEMICALS AGROCHEMICALS: organic, mineral and bacterial fertilizers; chemical soil land melioration as well as plant growth regulators and other matters, which can improve soil fertility, crop capacity and improvement of plant food quality. PESTICIDES: toxic matters or mixtures of chemical or biological origin which are used against different harmful organisms for plants, animals and human. MAIN DIRECTIONS:  General official trials of pesticides and agrochemicals  Official state registration of pesticides and agrochemicals  Ways of using of pesticides and agrochemicals  Requirements to producing, transportation, storage, application and utilization  State policy to supervise and state control

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND OTHER UKRAINIAN LAWS  Code Of Waters In Ukraine 6th of June, 1995  Code Of Lands In Ukraine 25th of October, 2001  About National Program to develop water economy 17th of January, 2002

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND DOCUMENTS FROM CABINET OF MINISTRY IN UKRAINE  About state supervision and state control of observance of pesticides and agrochemicals legislation (19th of February, 1996)  Procedure for monitoring of monitoring in Ukraine (20th of July, 1996)  Concept of conservation and reproducing of natural environment around the Black Sea and the Azov Sea (10th of July, 1998)  Integrated program to protect waters from pollution originating from rural areas and agricultural lands in Ukraine in and prognosis to 2010 (26th of July, 2000)

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND DOCUMENT FROM MINISTRY OF ECOLOGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE  To appoint list of research institutions to carry out state trials of pesticides and agrochemicals 9th of February, 2001

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND POLLUTION OF WATERS For river waters is distinctive very high level of pollution with mineral forms of nitrogen. General vewing during the last 10 years showed decreasing of levels of nitrogen pollution but it is quite high. WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE AZOV SEA There is a situation of increasing of mineral nitrogen in the Azov sea area. There is a situation of high level of mineralization in waters aroud of the Azov sea. Contents of nitrogen compounds is also very high (in 2000): for NH 4 compounds - from 1 to 9 times of MPC (maximum permissible concentration) for NO 2 compounds – from 1 to 34 times of MPC Contents of nitrogen compounds in the Azov sea is low – less than 1 MPC. Contents of petroleum products in the waters – from 1 to 2 MPC. Contents of phenolic compounds – about 3 MPC.

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND POLLUTION OF WATERS WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE BLACK SEA The biggest pollution is observed with petroleum products – from 1 to 4.6 MPC. Contents of phenolic compounds is also very high – from 3 to 5 MPC. It is connected with very high level of technogenic influences. Contents of nitrogen compounds is not so high (in 2000): for NH 4 compounds – less than 1 MPC. for NO 2 compounds – less than 1 MPC. There is some increasing in contents of pesticide pollution in the Black Sea for chlorine-organic compounds.

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND The whole amount of lands was ha which was ap. 0.4% of the whole lands in the world. Lands for agriculture using in Ukraine - >71% which includes arable lands 54% of the whole lands in Ukraine During 1999 – 2000 years in Ukraine the whole amount of lands for agriculture using in comparing with situation in 1991 was decreased on ha, including ha arable lands. STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND Monitoring data as provided by Ministry of Agriculture in Ukraine as well as by Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology: - in 1990 there were used in Ukraine 4.2 millions tones mineral fertilizers (in active substance), i.e. ap. 141 kg per 1 ha - in 1990 there were used tones of pesticides, i.e. 3.2 kg per 1 ha - in 2000 there were used in Ukraine 279 thousands tones (in active substance), i.e. ap. 13 kg per 1 ha – in ap. 10 times less - in 2000 there were used tones of pesticides, i.e. 0.4 kg per 1 ha – in ap. 8 times less STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND Monitoring data as provided by Ministry of Agriculture in Ukraine as well as by Institute of Agroecology and Biotechnology: Our preliminary results showed decreasing pesticides and nitrates pollution levels both in soil and food (other forms of nitrogen substancies are not dangerous when are in soils due to microbiological activity). But there are some specific features for the decreasing processes: - low intensity of decreasing of nitrates in soils are detected - sometimes (depends from region of Ukraine) increasing of nitrates amounts in surface and drinking waters are observed (the same time using of mineral fertilizers are crucially decreased) - arising of very stable chlorine-organic substancies derived from pesticides or increased levels were detected. STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND In Ukraine the whole amount of agricultural lands polluted with radionucleotides is more than ha. They include: - with pollution ab. 1 Ku per sq. km – ha - with pollution ab. 1-5 Ku per sq. km – ha - with pollution ab Ku per sq. km – ha - with pollution ab. >15 Ku per sq. km – ha Chornobyl Zone is ha. Our investigations on detecting radionuclides in food showed increased levels in various regions of Ukrainian Polissya, especially in milk and meat. We suppose such situation is a result of shrinking land melioration activities and decreasing use of fertilizers: Cs ione is an analoge of K ione and can compensate its absence. STRUCTURE AND POLLUTION OF LANDS IN UKRAINE WATERS AND LANDS POLLUTION IN UKRAINE

Multiple Agroecological Monitoring Sustainable Agroecosystems Modeling and predicting to develop Agroecosystems Modern Agrobiotechnologies INSTITUTE OF AGROECOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

STAGES OF AGROECOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN UKRAINE Biocenosis (natural and agro) SoilWater Resources Monitoring of Phytobiota Monitoring of Soil Microbiota Monitoring of Phytoviruses Monitoring of Land Using Monitoring of Chemical Compounds in Soils Monitoring of Radioactive Elements Natural and Anthropogenic Complex with the Same Geological and Morphological Constructs as well as Climatic Conditions

Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution in agriculture of Ukraine: reality and perspectives WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” – PRZYSIEK, POLAND Approaches to decrease nutrient pollution WORKSHOP: “AGRICULTURAL POLLUTION CONTROL – GOOD PRACTICES” Studying of microbe ecology in soils to increase biological activity of soils Extended system to use biotic complexes in agriculture Improvement of Nutrient Management system which should include also specificity of social structure in rural area Implementation of Good Agricultural Practice