Chapter 2 Section 2

 Obelisk  Mummification  Hieroglyphics  Papyrus  Rosetta Stone

 Worshiped many  Few central ◦ Osiris- king and judge of the dead ◦ Isis-nature and protector of women ◦ Horus-god of the sky, pharaohs thought to be human form ◦ Anubis-judge of and protector of cemeteries

 Re- god of the sun, father of pharaohs  Anubis weighed the souls of the dead ◦ Light soul, good life ◦ Heavy soul fed to terrible monster

 Built temples to honor the gods  Obelisks- tall thin pillars with pyramid shaped tops (single stone)  Priests performed rituals  Caring for gods left to the priests

 Belief in afterlife  Elaborate rituals for death  Ka-individuals personality  Thought Ka would shrivel if body decomposed

 Prevent breakdown of dead body  Only kings and royal family  Remove internal organs  Brain through nose  Heart left in body  Organs placed in jars

 Buried with all their possessions  Food and drink  Pharaohs had treasures and riches  Statues for servants

 Images on tomb walls  Items buried  Clothing cosmetics  Furniture  tools

 Highly stratified  Pharaoh and royal family  Government officials  Priests  Scribe  Military leaders  Were the wealthiest

 90% peasants farmers  Recruited to build large projects  Slaves ◦ Not large part of population  Less rigid  Gain status as a scribe  Ability to read and write

 Varied by class  Pharaohs married their sisters  Royalty had more than one wife  Lived as family units  Poor tiny hut  Wealthy brick home, few rooms

 Women take care of children  Women had rights  Could be priestess  Inherit property  Divorce husbands  Girls learned how to raise children  Boys learned trades

 Shaved heads and wore wigs  Wore perfume and makeup  Clothing linen and wool  Men wore long skirts  Gold jewelry  Sports, boating, hunting

 Very distinctive ◦ Detailed and colorful ◦ Illustration of stories ◦ Found on walls of tombs  Torsos are straight on  Head, arms legs from side  Gods and pharaohs drawn much larger

 Recorded all kinds of events  Hieroglyphics-uses pictures from symbols to represent sounds, objects  Hieratic- for fast writing religious  Papyrus- made from reeds still around

 Rosetta Stone  Same text written in three scripts ◦ Hieroglyphics ◦ Demotic ◦ Ancient Greek ◦ Using Greek text figured out meaning ◦ Unlocked the mystery of Egypt

 Used it to improve their lives  Add, subtract, multiply, divide  Geometry  Medicine ◦ Human anatomy ◦ Surgical procedures ◦ Used medicine from plants