The Universe BY AMANDA MITCHELL SCIENCE 9, MR HORTON DUE FEBRUARY 25TH

Early space  People said that the universe never changes  They only had The instruments at an early stage back then, like the early telescope and other things  Astronomers formed theories to explain observations as best as they could with the equipment they had at the time.

Edwin Hubble  First astronomer to identify the milky way, also he had estimated that the distance between there to earth was 46 galaxies  He had also discovered that other galaxies like the milky way were moving farther from each other.

Hubble’s Proposal  He proposed that the universe was getting larger all over.  He also said that All the galaxies have taken a certain amount of time to reach the size they are and the location their in.

The Red Shift Analysis  Edwin Hubble used this to see that the galaxies were not only moving away from earth but also moving away at a speed that was proportional to their distance.  The light of the galaxies he was studying showed spectral lines that were distinctly shifted toward the red end, which is a red shift.

Electromagnetic Waves  Type of electromagnetic radiation  The radiation is carried in the form of waves  All wavelengths vary  In space the things that radiate various forms of energy like stars and galaxies radiate light waves, radio waves and x-rays

Spectral patterns  When light passes through a prism it creates colours of the rainbow  Each colour represents different wave lengths  Light from distant stars can be observed and collected by astronomers and separated into their own spectral patters  Using a spectroscope to act as a prism to separate light into basic component colours

Cosmological red shift  The light that leaves the galaxy travels a long distance before reaching the telescope of observations on earth  Spectral lines shifting towards the red end  Red shift happenes because the lights wavelengths become longer  Red shifting means that the object is moving farther from us

Early Big Bang Theory  Astronomers thought of tracing the paths of movement backwards  Using super computers, math and pure logic, they would study how and when these galaxies might all have been in the same place at the same time  The search for an explanation has been continuous for 80 years

Most Recent Theory Of The Big Bang Theory  Approximately 13.7 billion years ago  At the time, it was only a tiny volume of space rapidly expanding to a much larger size  Energy started forming shortly after that  This is first described by Georges Lemaitre in 1927  Although additional recent evidence to support the big bang theory is being discovered

Video on the big bang theory 

Georges Lemaître  Belgian priest and astronomer  Physics professor at a French section of the catholic university of Leuven  First known academic to propose the theory od an expanding universe.  He also proposed the big bang theory before it was called the big bang theory, he called it the hypothesis of the primeval atom or the cosmic egg

Cosmic Background Radiation  When two men(Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson) were monitoring microwave radiation in space. As they were doing so they would receive background noise or signal interfearence.  After thinking it was a problem with the equipment they went back and made several adjustment but no matter what they did they constantly had the noise.  This was concluded as Cosmic Background radiation  Radiation left over from the big bang expansion  Particles left over from the early universe

Bibliography 1  Video:  Bc science 9 text book 10.1/10.2  Georges Lemaitre:  Picture 1:  Picture 2:  Picture 3:  Picture 4:  Picture 5:  Picture 6: redshift-universe/ redshift-universe/  Picture 7:

Bibliography 2  Picture 8:  Picture 9:  Picture 10:  Picture 11:  Picture 12:  Picture 13:  Picture 14:  Picture 15: