Do Now!!  What is energy?  What is the ultimate source of energy on the earth?  Where do we get our energy from?  What is energy?  What is the ultimate source of energy on the earth?  Where do we get our energy from?

Objectives  To define energy.  To list the different types of energy.  To explain the laws of thermodynamics.  To begin discussing photosynthesis and cellular respiration  To define energy.  To list the different types of energy.  To explain the laws of thermodynamics.  To begin discussing photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Section 8.1: How organisms obtain energy!!

So what is energy??  Energy-  The ability to do work!!  Thermodynamics-  is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.  Energy-  The ability to do work!!  Thermodynamics-  is the study of the flow and transformation of energy in the universe.

3 Types of Energy Potential Kinetic Chemical

3 Types of Energy  Potential - stored energy, or energy of position  Ex: top of the rollercoaster!  Kinetic - motion  Ex: moving down from top of rollercoaster!  Chemical - energy found in bonds (released when bonds are broken, stored when bonds are formed)  Ex: lighting a match (released or stored?)  Potential - stored energy, or energy of position  Ex: top of the rollercoaster!  Kinetic - motion  Ex: moving down from top of rollercoaster!  Chemical - energy found in bonds (released when bonds are broken, stored when bonds are formed)  Ex: lighting a match (released or stored?)

Laws of Thermodynamics  First law —energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.  Ex. Stored energy to chemical energy to mechanical energy  First law —energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created nor destroyed.  Ex. Stored energy to chemical energy to mechanical energy

Do Now!! (P. 6)  What is the first law of thermodynamics?  What are the three types of energy?  How can plants harness energy from the sun?  What is the first law of thermodynamics?  What are the three types of energy?  How can plants harness energy from the sun?

Objectives  To discuss the second law of thermodynamics  To define metabolism and differentiate between anabolic and catabolic pathways.  To define ATP  To read and analyze the article “Will we ever photosynthesize like plants?”  To discuss the second law of thermodynamics  To define metabolism and differentiate between anabolic and catabolic pathways.  To define ATP  To read and analyze the article “Will we ever photosynthesize like plants?”

Laws of Thermodynamics  Second law —energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.  Ex. Energy Lost as Heat  Second law —energy cannot be converted without the loss of usable energy.  Ex. Energy Lost as Heat

Second Law of Thermodynamics  Entropy  Measure of unusable energy in a system.  Ex: thermal energy  Entropy always increases.  Entropy  Measure of unusable energy in a system.  Ex: thermal energy  Entropy always increases.

Do Now!!  Please take out your homework!  What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics?  What is entropy?  What is metabolism?  Please take out your homework!  What are the 2 laws of thermodynamics?  What is entropy?  What is metabolism?

Objectives  To define metabolism and differentiate between anabolic and catabolic pathways.  To define ATP  To be able to list the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis.  To be able to identify the structures of a chloroplast.  (“Quest” on photosynthesis next week!)  To define metabolism and differentiate between anabolic and catabolic pathways.  To define ATP  To be able to list the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis.  To be able to identify the structures of a chloroplast.  (“Quest” on photosynthesis next week!)

Review of Reactions…  Endothermic - uses energy to make bonds  H + H H 2 Energy put in  Exothermic - breaks bonds and releases energy  H 2 H + H Energy Released  Endothermic - uses energy to make bonds  H + H H 2 Energy put in  Exothermic - breaks bonds and releases energy  H 2 H + H Energy Released

Autotrophs and Heterotrophs o Autotrophs: make their own energy Ex: o Heterotrophs: have to eat to obtain energy Ex: o Autotrophs: make their own energy Ex: o Heterotrophs: have to eat to obtain energy Ex:

Do Now!! (P.2)  What is the first law of thermodynamics? The second law?  What is entropy?  What is the first law of thermodynamics? The second law?  What is entropy?

Objectives  To define metabolism and differentiate between anabolic and catabolic pathways.  To define ATP  To read and analyze the article “Will we ever photosynthesize like plants?”  To define metabolism and differentiate between anabolic and catabolic pathways.  To define ATP  To read and analyze the article “Will we ever photosynthesize like plants?”

Metabolism  Metabolism:  All chemical reactions in a cell  Two types of Metabolic Pathways:  Catabolic : Release energy by breaking down larger molecules  Anabolic : Use energy to build larger molecules from smaller ones  Metabolism:  All chemical reactions in a cell  Two types of Metabolic Pathways:  Catabolic : Release energy by breaking down larger molecules  Anabolic : Use energy to build larger molecules from smaller ones

Think- Pair - Share  Of the following examples, list which ones are catabolic and anabolic  1. Amino acids becoming polypeptide chain  2. Glucose becoming glycogen  3. Your body breaking down food  4. Lifting weights and building up muscle mass  Of the following examples, list which ones are catabolic and anabolic  1. Amino acids becoming polypeptide chain  2. Glucose becoming glycogen  3. Your body breaking down food  4. Lifting weights and building up muscle mass

Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP)  ATP : most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy  Structure:  Adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups  Function: Releases energy when bonds are broken  ATP : most important biological molecule that provides chemical energy  Structure:  Adenine base, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphate groups  Function: Releases energy when bonds are broken

Processes involving Energy…  Cellular respiration —organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell -type of process:  Photosynthesis —light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell -type of process:  Cellular respiration —organic molecules are broken down to release energy for use by the cell -type of process:  Photosynthesis —light energy from the Sun is converted to chemical energy for use by the cell -type of process:

Next up… Photosynthesis!!