Vincent MASSAUT 24/10/ of ? slides Final meeting tasks TW5-TSW-001, -001B, -002 Recycling issues Introduction V. Massaut October 2006 UKAEA, Culham, United Kingdom

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides The waste and recycling aspect is of very high strategic importance the claim on low radioactive waste production from fusion must be substantiated and based on solid analysisthe claim on low radioactive waste production from fusion must be substantiated and based on solid analysis the recycling process is the main part of the waste minimization processthe recycling process is the main part of the waste minimization process recycling materials always produces secondary waste; it should be interesting to know which proportion these wastes representrecycling materials always produces secondary waste; it should be interesting to know which proportion these wastes represent the sorting and classification of materials cannot be based on the radiation level alonethe sorting and classification of materials cannot be based on the radiation level alone

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides Two tasks were launched for this purpose TW5-TSW-001: Study on Recycling of Fusion Activated Materials, which covers a large overview of the recycling loop for fusion materialsTW5-TSW-001: Study on Recycling of Fusion Activated Materials, which covers a large overview of the recycling loop for fusion materials TW5-TSW-001B ( ): Complex Recycling of Fusion Activated Materials which mostly covers the return of experience from the nuclear industry to deal with rather highly active materials for recyclingTW5-TSW-001B ( ): Complex Recycling of Fusion Activated Materials which mostly covers the return of experience from the nuclear industry to deal with rather highly active materials for recycling There were already tasks carried out under TW3 and TW4 preparing the approach.

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides Some questions needed to be answered… It is not obvious that all the materials and parts can be recycled; what is the return of experience to date ?It is not obvious that all the materials and parts can be recycled; what is the return of experience to date ? The radioactivity is not the only parameter leading to recycle or not; what are the other parameters to look at ?The radioactivity is not the only parameter leading to recycle or not; what are the other parameters to look at ? Recycling “noble” or valuable materials involves also other challenges (separation, metallurgy, refining, machining, joining, leak-tightness, changes in properties,…); what is the current experience and what need to be developed ?Recycling “noble” or valuable materials involves also other challenges (separation, metallurgy, refining, machining, joining, leak-tightness, changes in properties,…); what is the current experience and what need to be developed ? What is the experience in remote handling for all these steps (dismantling – separation – raw material processing – machining and fabrication)?What is the experience in remote handling for all these steps (dismantling – separation – raw material processing – machining and fabrication)? Are there needs for further R&D (like e.g. mechanical testing of reused material)?Are there needs for further R&D (like e.g. mechanical testing of reused material)?

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides Therefore it was proposed to work in steps Define components and materials involved; Determine volumes & masses+ properties + main boundary conditionsDefine components and materials involved; Determine volumes & masses+ properties + main boundary conditions Define activity limits for the dismantling, (melting), fabrication or reuse (&waste )Define activity limits for the dismantling, (melting), fabrication or reuse (&waste ) Define duration before recycling, activation of materials and decay time (depending on parts & components concerned)Define duration before recycling, activation of materials and decay time (depending on parts & components concerned) Estimate storage capacity needed or limits. Compare with existing storage facilities.Estimate storage capacity needed or limits. Compare with existing storage facilities. Summarize the whole process and cycleSummarize the whole process and cycle Category of wastes (based on international standards) and on results of the cycle analysisCategory of wastes (based on international standards) and on results of the cycle analysis Define the categories of materials based on the different routes in the cycleDefine the categories of materials based on the different routes in the cycle Define the needed R&DDefine the needed R&D Finalised In parallel, study on the so-called “Complex Recycling” industrial experience

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides Some “results” were already presented at the SOFT’06 conference 6 Li enrichment allowing reuse High activity Li-containing materials (liquid Li, Li-Pb, ceramics pebbles) Recycling process to develop High activityHigh value or scarce materials Route to be defined Medium to high activity Remaining components:  Various geometries and materials  Various activity  Physical properties Melting / crushing < 1000 Bq/g < 10’s μSv/h Low value, low radiation Free release Clearance Index < 1 Clearable RouteLevel Category

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides One should notice that we tend to step away from former classification… The notions of NAW, SRM, CRM and PDW need to be revisitedThe notions of NAW, SRM, CRM and PDW need to be revisited As discussed at the monitoring meeting we should look at the origin of some of these levels (like the one for NAW, the one between SRM/CRM, the upper limit of CRM etc…)As discussed at the monitoring meeting we should look at the origin of some of these levels (like the one for NAW, the one between SRM/CRM, the upper limit of CRM etc…) The names were not always judiciously chosen (NAW and PDW in particular)The names were not always judiciously chosen (NAW and PDW in particular)

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides …to propose a new approach Based on actual recycling possibilitiesBased on actual recycling possibilities Based on current radioactive waste and materials classificationBased on current radioactive waste and materials classification Tending to avoid the use of arbitrary limitsTending to avoid the use of arbitrary limits Using internationally accepted limits and levels, used and defined in different fields (like e.g. the IAEA clearance index, the ICRP 60 recommendations etc)Using internationally accepted limits and levels, used and defined in different fields (like e.g. the IAEA clearance index, the ICRP 60 recommendations etc) 6 Li enrichment allowing reuse High activity Li-containing materials (liquid Li, Li-Pb, ceramics pebbles) Recycling process to develop High activityHigh value or scarce materials Route to be defined Medium to high activity Remaining components:  Various geometries and materials  Various activity  Physical properties Melting / crushing < 1000 Bq/g < 10’s μSv/h Low value, low radiation Free release Clearance Index < 1 Clearable RouteLevel Category CI<<1D<10 μSv/hD < 2mSv/hD > 2mSv/h Cleared Hands on“Shielded”Remote Handling Example: Can produce

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides …or even more developed classification Specific activity Route Dose Rate ProcessCI<1Clearance < 10μSv/h Classical(melting, milling, powdering, etc.) <1000Bq/g Melting in existing foundries Levels to define RecycleorStoreorDispose <2mSv/h Shielded work (some foundries; few developments) >2mSv/h Remote handling proposal

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides In parallel, there was also another task TW5-TSW-002: Watching brief activities in the field of radioactive waste management and decommissioningTW5-TSW-002: Watching brief activities in the field of radioactive waste management and decommissioning –Report on the implications from the differences between IAEA TECDOC 855 and RS-G-1.7. –Report on review of the Radioprotection optimization planning tools and use for fusion plant

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides The agenda was distributed… The main points are: Introduction (this presentation)Introduction (this presentation) Rationale for the SRM/CRM levels definition (following discussion at the monitoring meeting)Rationale for the SRM/CRM levels definition (following discussion at the monitoring meeting) Monitoring of TSW-001 including 9 deliverables…Monitoring of TSW-001 including 9 deliverables… LunchLunch Monitoring of TSW-001B 11from only 1 AssociationMonitoring of TSW-001B 11from only 1 Association Monitoring of TSW-002 including 2 deliverablesMonitoring of TSW-002 including 2 deliverables Future actions and plan for delivery of the final reportsFuture actions and plan for delivery of the final reports Discussion on the tasks outcomesDiscussion on the tasks outcomes Proposal of potential future workProposal of potential future work

V. Massaut 24/10/ of ? slides Before letting you present and discuss… I would like to set the scene and put the task into perspective….I would like to set the scene and put the task into perspective…. Nice sites to visit…. Brussels Paris