American literature time periods

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Presentation transcript:

American literature time periods

Native American Literature Pre-1620 – 1840 Native Americans dominated the New World Oral tradition of songs and stories Origin myths – floods, earth-diver, trickster stories Focuses on the natural world, the sacred world, and the importance of land and peace

Puritan/colonialism Authors: William Bradford, Of Plymouth… Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear… Cotton Mather Edward Taylor, Huswifery William Byrd Jonathan Edwards, Sinners… 1620 – 1750 Focuses on historical events, daily life, moral attitudes (like Puritanism), and political unrest Sermons and poems were common

Rationalism Authors: Thomas Paine, The Crisis Benjamin Franklin 1750 – 1815 Explains & justifies the Revolution What does “American” mean? Nationalism & patriotism increase after the War of 1812, which removed the last British troops Age of Reason: valued reason over faith; questioned their traditions Almanacs, newspapers, magazines Authors: Thomas Paine, The Crisis Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson, Declaration of Independence

Romanticism & transcendentalism Authors: Washington Irving Walt Whitman Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau 1800-1855 Philosophical attitude that celebrates individualism, nature, imagination, emotions Rebellious spirit of westward expansion Respect for the individual and the pursuit of truth

Realism Authors: Mark Twain (local color) 1850 –1900 Turbulent period of Civil War, industrial invention Examines and conveys harsh realities of life & human frailty Writing accurately portrays the Local color: habits & speech of people = regional culture physical landscape human struggles to overcome war, natural disasters, family problems Authors: Mark Twain (local color) Ambrose Bierce & Stephen Crane (realities of war) Willa Cather Kate Chopin

Naturalism (A part of Realism) 1880 – 1940 An extension of Realism Focused on grim reality of life Observed characters like scientists observe animals –watching them live, struggle, and die Contrasts Transcendentalism; Naturalists viewed nature as indifferent, sometimes cruel Characters are helpless victims of the environment and their human nature/heritage Authors: Jack London Frank Norris Theodore Dreiser James T. Farrell

modernism Authors: Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald T. S. Eliot 1900 –1950 20th century: wars, increased population, the Depression, commercialism Themes of alienation, change, the threat to the individual and to the American Dream Use of symbolism, irony, and understatement Stream of consciousness writing Harlem Renaissance: African-American lit. flourishes Authors: Ernest Hemingway F. Scott Fitzgerald T. S. Eliot Langston Hughes & Zora Neale Hurston (Harlem Renaissance)