Faculty of Science Canadian Geospace Monitoring Program: CANOPUS Array Operations In Support of THEMIS Dr. Ian R. Mann Canada Research Chair in Space Physics Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada. THEMIS Ground-based Meeting, UC Berkeley THEMIS Ground-based Meeting, UC Berkeley 2nd June, 2003

Faculty of Science Present CANOPUS Program Canada has one of the worlds prime location for ground-based auroral and solar-terrestrial science.Canada has one of the worlds prime location for ground-based auroral and solar-terrestrial science. The CANOPUS magnetometer array currently operates 13 Narod Geophysics Ltd design fluxgate magnetometers at 5s resolution.The CANOPUS magnetometer array currently operates 13 Narod Geophysics Ltd design fluxgate magnetometers at 5s resolution. Real-time 5s data stream is collected via Anik satellite through Ottawa node, and real-time plots available on the WWW at 5s data stream is collected via Anik satellite through Ottawa node, and real-time plots available on the WWW at CANOPUS magnetometer array will continue to operate under the umbrella of the Canadian Geospace Monitoring (CGSM) program between at least CANOPUS magnetometer array will continue to operate under the umbrella of the Canadian Geospace Monitoring (CGSM) program between at least

Faculty of Science Current Participants in Canadian Geospace Monitoring (CGSM) Canopus magnetometers and riometers Norstar ASC and Photometers Canadian SuperDARN Radars Canadian Partners: FDAM/CDAM NRCan CANMOS Magnetometers Solar F10.7

Faculty of Science Current CGSM Operations

Faculty of Science Current CANOPUS and CANMOS Array Configurations CANOPUS and CANMOS arrays of fluxgate magnetometers.

Faculty of Science CANMOS Operations and Developments Since 2000 all CANMOS instruments have sampled at 1Hz.Since 2000 all CANMOS instruments have sampled at 1Hz. GPS timing being deployed for entire array – to be complete by October 2004.GPS timing being deployed for entire array – to be complete by October Presently real-time 1Hz data from Ottawa and Iqualuit. Plans for Yellowknife and Victoria data in real-time later in 2003.Presently real-time 1Hz data from Ottawa and Iqualuit. Plans for Yellowknife and Victoria data in real-time later in The Glenlea observatory will be moved to Brandon by September Real-time internet data may also become available from this site.The Glenlea observatory will be moved to Brandon by September Real-time internet data may also become available from this site. David Boteler at NRCan is the CANMOS PI.David Boteler at NRCan is the CANMOS PI.

Faculty of Science Fantastic Operational Expansion within CGSM Three-fold increase in high resolution magnetometers.Three-fold increase in high resolution magnetometers. Massive expansion in state- of-the-art overlapping ASC.Massive expansion in state- of-the-art overlapping ASC. Co-ordinated VSAT data collection in real-time.Co-ordinated VSAT data collection in real-time. CDAM/FDAM drives scientific, model development and space weather prediction advances.CDAM/FDAM drives scientific, model development and space weather prediction advances.

Faculty of Science Expanded CANOPUS Array Infrastructure Within CGSM Expansions to existing CANOPUS array targetted at outstanding solar-terrestrial physics problems.Expansions to existing CANOPUS array targetted at outstanding solar-terrestrial physics problems. Deployment of 15 additional Narod fluxgate magnetometers at 1Hz; 8 new induction coil magnetometers at 20Hz.Deployment of 15 additional Narod fluxgate magnetometers at 1Hz; 8 new induction coil magnetometers at 20Hz. Infrastructure development to utilize state-of- the-art Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) satellite data collection in real-time following end of Telesat operations in 2005.Infrastructure development to utilize state-of- the-art Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) satellite data collection in real-time following end of Telesat operations in 2005.

Faculty of Science University of Alberta: CANOPUS Magnetometry PI-Institute Entire U.K. SAMNET magnetometry group relocated to Alberta.Entire U.K. SAMNET magnetometry group relocated to Alberta. Successful $1.3M CRC-CFI proposal by Mann for CANOPUS magnetometer array expansion.Successful $1.3M CRC-CFI proposal by Mann for CANOPUS magnetometer array expansion. Mann becomes CANOPUS PI in October 2003.Mann becomes CANOPUS PI in October New infrastructure will contribute valuable ground data towards fundamental THEMIS science targets.New infrastructure will contribute valuable ground data towards fundamental THEMIS science targets.

Faculty of Science Expanded CANOPUS Array Configuration Upgrade of all CANOPUS fluxgates to 1Hz sampling.Upgrade of all CANOPUS fluxgates to 1Hz sampling. Deployment of mid-latitude extension to Churchill line covering outer radiation belt and spanning the plasmapause.Deployment of mid-latitude extension to Churchill line covering outer radiation belt and spanning the plasmapause. Constitute second mid-latitude Alberta line meridian enabling LT- UT resolution and azimuthal variation diagnosis.Constitute second mid-latitude Alberta line meridian enabling LT- UT resolution and azimuthal variation diagnosis. Mid-latitude grid of magnetometers enables substorm Pi2 and magnetic bay location algorithms to be deployed.Mid-latitude grid of magnetometers enables substorm Pi2 and magnetic bay location algorithms to be deployed. Deployment of magnetometers under the FOV of Prince George/Kodiak SuperDARN radars.Deployment of magnetometers under the FOV of Prince George/Kodiak SuperDARN radars. Auroral to mid-latitude 20Hz induction coil magnetometer coverage (8 instruments) of high freq. magnetospheric waves.Auroral to mid-latitude 20Hz induction coil magnetometer coverage (8 instruments) of high freq. magnetospheric waves.

Faculty of Science VSAT Real-time Data Collection Real-time VSAT data collection from fluxgates (all upgraded to 1Hz) and induction coil (20Hz) magnetometers.Real-time VSAT data collection from fluxgates (all upgraded to 1Hz) and induction coil (20Hz) magnetometers. Real-time data collection of CGSM riometer array data, digital ionosonde data, and summary 1 min 64x64 8-bit resolution All- Sky-Camera images.Real-time data collection of CGSM riometer array data, digital ionosonde data, and summary 1 min 64x64 8-bit resolution All- Sky-Camera images. Provides excellent opportunities and for the development of real- time value added data products.Provides excellent opportunities and for the development of real- time value added data products. Data collection via central VSAT hub and PC at the University of Alberta, and data fed directly into the CGSM Space Science Data Portal (SSDP) computer via dedicated fibre link.Data collection via central VSAT hub and PC at the University of Alberta, and data fed directly into the CGSM Space Science Data Portal (SSDP) computer via dedicated fibre link.

Faculty of Science Time Lines and Funding $1.2M CAD awarded for new CANOPUS instrumentation and deployment awarded through Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). Field deployment between April 2004 and October 2006.$1.2M CAD awarded for new CANOPUS instrumentation and deployment awarded through Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). Field deployment between April 2004 and October VSAT real-time architecture test-bed and instrument interfacing contract expected from CSA; work to be completed October 2004.VSAT real-time architecture test-bed and instrument interfacing contract expected from CSA; work to be completed October CGSM funding due to begin October 2003.CGSM funding due to begin October Subject to successful testing, CGSM upgrade to VSAT technology and 1Hz for existing CANOPUS array April 2004-October VSAT upgrade of 6 new CANOPUS array sites complete by October 2007.Subject to successful testing, CGSM upgrade to VSAT technology and 1Hz for existing CANOPUS array April 2004-October VSAT upgrade of 6 new CANOPUS array sites complete by October 2007.

Faculty of Science VSAT Data Rates Satellite channels can carry 128 kbits/s below 62 o geographic.Satellite channels can carry 128 kbits/s below 62 o geographic. Above 62 o data rates are more uncertain. Conservative estimate is 32 kbps, although 64 kbits/sec may be possible at high latitudes depending upon location.Above 62 o data rates are more uncertain. Conservative estimate is 32 kbps, although 64 kbits/sec may be possible at high latitudes depending upon location. VSAT provides the opportunity for limited 2-way communication; this limits available downlink bandwidth.VSAT provides the opportunity for limited 2-way communication; this limits available downlink bandwidth. Conservative available downlink rates are 80 kbps and 32kpbs for data transfer at high/low latitudes respectively.Conservative available downlink rates are 80 kbps and 32kpbs for data transfer at high/low latitudes respectively. Plan to collect fluxgate and induction mag., MSP, riometer, ionosonde, and summary ASC data via VSAT in real-time.Plan to collect fluxgate and induction mag., MSP, riometer, ionosonde, and summary ASC data via VSAT in real-time.

Faculty of Science VSAT Hardware VSAT Central Hub can carry upto 4 carinas; one carina per satellite channel. Realistically anticipate 2 carinas for CGSM.VSAT Central Hub can carry upto 4 carinas; one carina per satellite channel. Realistically anticipate 2 carinas for CGSM. Each VSAT Ku band (100 kHz) satellite channel can carry 13 (perhaps 14) remote stations at required data rates.Each VSAT Ku band (100 kHz) satellite channel can carry 13 (perhaps 14) remote stations at required data rates. Remote VSAT libra terminals provide GPS timing as well as remote IP node.Remote VSAT libra terminals provide GPS timing as well as remote IP node. 1.8m and 2.4m VSAT dishes, and 1W and 2W transmitters are required at “high” and “low” latitudes respectively.1.8m and 2.4m VSAT dishes, and 1W and 2W transmitters are required at “high” and “low” latitudes respectively. Extensive and proven field heritage for VSAT from operations for RT data collection within Polaris MT project.Extensive and proven field heritage for VSAT from operations for RT data collection within Polaris MT project.

CGSM-THEMIS VSAT Coordination? Spare data rate from CGSM- THEMIS VSAT sites could potentially be devoted to THEMIS ASC data retrival.Spare data rate from CGSM- THEMIS VSAT sites could potentially be devoted to THEMIS ASC data retrival. THEMIS science data rate requirement can be met at all THEMIS-CGSM sites except Rankin Inlet.THEMIS science data rate requirement can be met at all THEMIS-CGSM sites except Rankin Inlet. If we achieve higher VSAT data rates at high latitudes in practice this site may be possible too.If we achieve higher VSAT data rates at high latitudes in practice this site may be possible too. Propose LAN network connectivity between VSAT and THEMIS logger/control PCs.Propose LAN network connectivity between VSAT and THEMIS logger/control PCs. Unix/linux operating system for THEMIS ASC logger PCs?Unix/linux operating system for THEMIS ASC logger PCs?

Faculty of Science Science Target: Radiation Belts Understand acceleration and loss of relativistic (MeV) energy electrons in radiation belts: Global scale monitoring of accelerating ULF waves (magnetometers; Mann Co-PI on US NSF proposal to develop ULF Index).Global scale monitoring of accelerating ULF waves (magnetometers; Mann Co-PI on US NSF proposal to develop ULF Index). Global scale monitoring of loss inducing high frequency EMIC (induction coil magnetometers).Global scale monitoring of loss inducing high frequency EMIC (induction coil magnetometers). Modelling of wave-particle interaction between ULF and seed electrons (FDAM/CDAM).Modelling of wave-particle interaction between ULF and seed electrons (FDAM/CDAM). Radiation belt observations via ILWS mission partners: THEMIS, LWS radiation belt mappers, GOES, LANL, Polar, Cluster, HEO, SAMPEX…Radiation belt observations via ILWS mission partners: THEMIS, LWS radiation belt mappers, GOES, LANL, Polar, Cluster, HEO, SAMPEX… Output: Improved radiation belt specification models with application to satellite design, space insurance, and space weather industries.Output: Improved radiation belt specification models with application to satellite design, space insurance, and space weather industries.

ULF waves and STRV measured MeV electron flux (> 750 keV) during March 1995.

MeV electron-ULF wave relationship.MeV electron-ULF wave relationship. Solar cycle of data.Solar cycle of data. Strong correlation between ULF and MeV electron flux.Strong correlation between ULF and MeV electron flux. Inwards propagation of Vsw and ULF power correlated MeV electron enhancements.Inwards propagation of Vsw and ULF power correlated MeV electron enhancements.

Faculty of Science Science Target: Fundamental Cold Plasma Transport Processes Understand fundamental processes of cold plasma mass injection, transport and loss: Cross-time series techniques allow reconstruction of global plasma density maps (magnetometer coverage from polar cap-plasmasphere).Cross-time series techniques allow reconstruction of global plasma density maps (magnetometer coverage from polar cap-plasmasphere). Multiple local and global meridians offer LT-UT resolution.Multiple local and global meridians offer LT-UT resolution. Understand dynamical processes of injection, transport and loss of cold plasma; formation, erosion and structure of plasmasphere.Understand dynamical processes of injection, transport and loss of cold plasma; formation, erosion and structure of plasmasphere. Strong synergy with NASA IMAGE mission and Canadian e-Pop.Strong synergy with NASA IMAGE mission and Canadian e-Pop. Output: Improved understanding of global mass injection and transport, improved inner magnetosphere GGCM models, improved satellite drag/orbit decay models, improved GPS accuracy.Output: Improved understanding of global mass injection and transport, improved inner magnetosphere GGCM models, improved satellite drag/orbit decay models, improved GPS accuracy.

Faculty of Science Global Plasma Density Maps Cross-phase technique provides global scale monitoring of cold plasma density profiles along a single meridian. (Courtesy of Colin Waters)

Faculty of Science Azimuthal Structure in Outer Plasmaspheric Dynamics (From Dent et al., GRL, Submitted, 2003) Global international magnetometer array coverage provides global density mapping and enables spatio-temporal ambiguity resolution.

Faculty of Science Science Target: Magnetotail Instabilities Understanding fundamental processes of magnetotail instability and explosive energy transport. Does the substorm initiatiate in near-Earth plasmasheet, or with mid-tail reconnection?Does the substorm initiatiate in near-Earth plasmasheet, or with mid-tail reconnection? Continent scale real-time wavelet based substorm onset Pi2 timing (e.g., Nose et al., 1999) and magnetic bay substorm current wedge FAC location from ground magnetometers.Continent scale real-time wavelet based substorm onset Pi2 timing (e.g., Nose et al., 1999) and magnetic bay substorm current wedge FAC location from ground magnetometers. Solve long-standing problem of understanding explosive inwards energy transport from magnetotail.Solve long-standing problem of understanding explosive inwards energy transport from magnetotail. Results of fundamental plasmaphysical and astrophysical relevance.Results of fundamental plasmaphysical and astrophysical relevance.

Faculty of Science Science Target: Magnetotail Instabilities H and D bays locate FAC elements. Pi2 waves time substorm onset (e.g., Nose et al., 1999). Optics denotes arc morphology.