Turn around - Harbor is CLOSED!

We can’t take anymore! Should we declare war? Wait, wait lets think this through

They all came together except… 1774 But did they all agree?

Our colonists want peace with Mother England You’re crazy! Violence is inevitable and we must be prepared.

Results compromise Next meeting…1775 Declaration of Rights

Please we don’t want to fight! We just want a voice!

Declaration of Rights List of ten resolutions to “fix” the Intolerable Acts (this is what “we want”) Precursor to the Declaration of Independence (this is what “we demand”)

As a result, the Intolerable Acts stay in effect. Resentment and boycotting of British goods grow. Colonial leaders continue to emerge to rally and unite colonists against the British tyranny. Response to the Declaration of Rights I am the KING! You are my subjects! When I want your opinion I will ask for it. # spoiledbrats

“They tell us, Sir, that we are weak; unable to cope with so formidable an adversary. But when will we be stronger? Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peace – but there is no peace. I know not what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death.” Who’s “we” Huh? What are these words? Why is there no peace? What does he mean by liberty?

Both sides standing firm… But in all reality, neither side (Patriot or GB) really wants to go to war – Expensive – Lost lives – Not prepared – Is it worth it? Will the alternative be better/worse?

Before we know it…

WAR ERUPTS First Battles of the Revolutionary War Lexington (L) and Concord (W), MA April 1775

Lexington and Concord History Channel Video

Lexington and Concord Patriots are stockpiling weapons, stealing from British military forts British troops travel across Massachusetts to stop the patriots Paul Revere, William Dawes and Samuel Prescott (and eventually 40 other colonists join in) quickly rush to tell colonists that “the British are coming, the British are coming” – Not exactly though, Revere, Dawes, Prescott and others were told to be discrete about spreading the news (as to not get caught)

Lexington and Concord Colonists take-aways – “Holy cow we can do it!”, we actually won one of these battles – Reality check – “we really are unorganized and need to unite” British take-aways – “Uh, oh. These colonists already gave us an early challenge – eek! We better take them a bit more seriously.” – “We are better, stronger, trained, and equipped! If we bring our “A” game we will win!” April 1775 Lexington (L) Concord (W) No real military advantage gained by either side But these are the FIRST SHOTS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTIONARY WAR

While warfare had officially began, the Patriots gave one last ditch effort to avoid a long war We meet again…

And so the Second Continental Congress once again meets: 1775

What did they accomplish? Colonies/States set up local/state constitutions (that included how local government was to work, rights of “citizens” (similar to the Bill of Rights) ) Creation of the Continental Army (FINALLY) – Soldiers from all colonies formed the Continental Army Trained, organized, equipped, uniformed – Named George Washington as the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army

We meet again… And so the Second Continental Congress once again meets: 1775 This is our final attempt at with you, KING… Olive Branch Petition

And so it begins… Full Fledged: Revolutionary War

We hear stories of… But I bet you didn’t know –History Channel Video

What are the basics of the Revolutionary War? History Channel video – American Revolution

American Revolutionary War War of Independence 1775–1783

Who? Patriots Great Britain And … Continental Army And … Revolutionaries/Rebels And… African Americans (5,000) And… Women (roles?) And… Redcoats And … Loyalists/Tories And … mercenaries

New England Colonies Where? Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Western Frontier Sea

Why? Inalienable rights of any person…life, liberty, property Patriots King George III Government should protect, not abuse these rights. We will not forfeit them, only fight for a government that is not tyrannical!

Outcome? 10,000 British deaths 7,500 Hessians died 25,700 American deaths – 10,000 died in camp – 8,500 died in British prisons – 7,200 died in battle VICTORY! Through almost every possible suffering and discouragement for the space of nine long years, was little short of a standing miracle.

Turning Point? Hudson River Saratoga, NY British defeat at Saratoga (1777)

1.The United States was independent 2.Boundaries: Mississippi River (western), Canada (northern), Spanish Florida (southern) 3.Each side would repay its debts 4.The British would return any enslaved persons 5.Congress would recommend that states return any property they had seized from Loyalists Outcome?

War can wait… Before we get to the good stuff Read Franklin’s “disunited state”

T/F – The western boundary following the Revolutionary War was the Mississippi River. T/F – One of the goals for the Battle of Saratoga was in capture Philadelphia (capitol of the colonies). T/F – Join, or Die was intended to threaten the colonists into joining the war effort. T/F – The Revolutionary War was the first time colonists had ever seen the image/message of Join, or Die. What was the intended message of Join, or Die?

Example: Charities – Breast Cancer Awareness

Raising an Army PP

Individuals to Unity Developing a colonial identity Each individual colony working for Mother England Great Awakening – religious retreats opened up a political dialogue across colonies French and Indian War – local militias realizing they can provide their own protection Committee of Correspondence – Samuel Adams encourages colonists to discuss their future relationship/taxes with GB Continental Congress (1 st & 2 nd ) – Colonial delegates drafting documents to illustrate the concerns/provisions to improve relationship – Continental Army – soldiers from all colonial militias

Working on unity Join or Die Common Sense Declaration of Independence

But how do you get everyone on the same page? JOIN, or DIE JOIN, or DIE Q&A - Wikipedia

Read Wikipedia article for worksheet answers Go over wksht Read Ben Franklin’s article Raising an army PP

And now for the fighting…

Nov. 19, 2013 Compare battle notes (pd. 3, 6) Ensure all information is obtained Write a script Determine – Props –min. one per person – Costumes – ex. British (red), Patriots (blue) – Signs – pictures of the scenes, location, characters name (ex. G.W.)

Nov. 19, 2013 Introduce Rev. War Battle skits (pd. 1, 7) Select groups Skit expectations Battle selection Take notes (to be checked for hmwk on Wed.) Perform Thurs. and Friday

Nov. 20, 2013 Ensure all information is obtained Write a script (copies of the script) Performing TOMORROW! Determine – Props –min. one per person Tents, boats, hats, maps, PowerPoint, etc. – Costumes – ex. British (red), Patriots (blue) – Signs – pictures of the weaponry, scenes, location, characters name (ex. G.W.)

Showtime Group selection Read and take notes on the battle assigned (all group members) Reconvene – discuss/determine the most important and critical facts/factors

Showtime What were the circumstances that led up to the battle? Who was there? When did it take place? Where did it take place? Who won? What was the significance of the battle?***** Goal: Depict the significance of the battle (ex. Saratoga as the turning point, Yorktown as the finale, Valley Forge as a harsh winter, etc.)

Showtime Now think about how to make those facts into a skit Determine – Roles, lines, pictures, props – Practice – Be prepared to explain skit/early battle immediately following performance Audience questions

Showtime All group members: – Must take battle notes (hmwk) – Must have a speaking role – Must have an action role – Must have a minimum of one prop throughout the skit

Showtime Accurate battle notes Script (copies for everyone in the group – including Miss Fetters/Mrs. Qualli/Mrs. Schmidt) Costumes (colors, pictures, flags, name tags) Props Background scenes End of skit – class notes Practice

Early Battles Both sides wanting to keep control of key city: Boston Both sides scrambling to be better prepared for war – Gain supplies – Formulate battle plans

Bunker Hill Benedict Arnold (Colonial general) returns to the base of Bunker Hill (actually Breed’s Hill) with 1,600 troops (now supplied with weapons from Ft. Ticonderoga) 2,400 Redcoats are forced to cross the harbor and fight uphill Do not fire “until you see the whites of their eyes.” – Colonial general Though the British retreat twice, Patriots run out of ammunition and are forced to retire Though the British maintain control of Boston: – They suffered twice as many casualties – Patriots proved they could “hold their own”

Dorchester Heights Attempt to regain control of Boston Colonel Henry Knox (Continental Army) returns from Ft. Ticonderoga with heavy artillery (cannons) – traveled in depth of winter more than 300 miles General Washington sets Patriot’s w/cannons at base of Nook’s Hill British General William Howe rises in the morning starring at Patriot cannons – “The Rebels have done more in one night than my whole army could do in months” British retreat to Canada

Common Sense Declaration of Independence See other PP

Trenton – see other PP

Saratoga – Help from Abroad PP

Help from abroad – see other PP

Valley Forge Liberty’s Kids – Valley Forge Video

New England with its scrappy and relentless fighters, proved to be tough for the British to conquer (Bunker Hill and Dorchester Heights, Massachusetts) In the Middle Colonies, the British were unable to control the countryside (lack of men) – The British were only able to maintain control over the coastal regions including New York City and Philadelphia

British changed their strategy and decided to move the fighting to the South – Capture coastal ports – Loyalists would help Redcoats hold captured land – Free slaves to fight for the British – Fighting in the South far more brutal than in any other region Guerrilla tactics Closing years of the war (what else can I do?) Exhausted troops and supplies Retaliation Initial success throughout the south (Savannah, GA and Charles Town, SC) What happened at Yorktown?

Battle of Yorktown Read p (Battle of Yorktown) Complete the center square In the boxes surrounding the center square draw a series of pictures that illustrate the significant events of the Battle of Yorktown Name _____________________________Date ___________________ Pd. _______

Yorktown Overall…war not going well for Patriots; why? Low on money Help from abroad had not brought a quick end to war British had control of a lot of Southern territory + major port cities (Philadelphia, New York) Benedict Arnold – Patriot’s gifted officer turns traitor Who: General George Washington (P) General Lafayette (F), General Rochambeau (F) vs. General Cornwallis (B) What: LAST MAJOR BATTLE OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION! Where: Yorktown, VA When: October 19, 1781 (surrender)

Yorktown British commander Cornwallis leads 7,200 soldiers from Carolina to Yorktown, VA Gen. Lafayette given strict instructions to not allow Cornwallis to escape by land Generals Washington and Rochambeau come quickly to help trap Cornwallis The steady attacks wore down British defenses October 19, 1781 – “It’s all over”

Treaty of Paris Following colonial victory at Yorktown – British has limited money to replenish military/they don’t want to put any more time/money/resources into protecting an area not wanting to remain British – Britain enters into peace talks with America (truce)

Treaty of Paris Two years to hammer out the details of treaty ( ) Ben Franklin a leading American delegate/negotiator Where….Paris, France

Treaty of Paris Official end to the American Revolutionary War Great Britain recognized United States independence (so did other nations) America’s right to settle and trade west of the original thirteen colonies – America’s borders set to the Mississippi River Whose land did the British just give away?

Comparison with French and Indian war changes in boundaries

Treaty of Paris Each side would repay its debts The British would return any enslaved persons Congress would recommend that states return any property they had seized from Loyalists five-member commission to negotiate a treaty–John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson (doesn’t leave US in time to be a part of the process), and Henry Laurens

Patriot: someone who feels a strong support for his/her country Which side did I fight for? Redcoat/ “Lobster back”: British soldier/military Which side did I fight for?

mercenary: paid, foreign soldier; no loyalty or support for the cause (ex. Hessian) Which side did I fight for? Loyalist/Torie: colonist siding with the British Which side did I fight for?

Minutemen: local colonial militias, ready in a “minute”, informal military training Which side did we fight for?