British Rule 1: The Fall of New France

Recap of French Regime  1.Population:  A) Mainly French  B) High natural growth  (lots o’babies)  C) Jean Talon & his ideas

2. Economy  A) Everything about New France revolves around the fur trade.  B) High population= increased demand for agriculture  C) Slowly involving other goods

Power and Culture  A) Absolutism  B) People have no say  C) King has taken control through Royal Government  D) Church and State working together  E) State and Aboriginals=reciprocal relationship

How the French Regime Ends:  1. The Seven Years War:  A) War between Britain and France in Europe AND in the colonies.  B) France loses the war.

2.Reasons for Britain’s success  A) Great navy  B) Colonies in U.S. are very helpful  C) 100,000 soldiers

3.Reasons for France’s failure  A) They focused more on the war in Europe  B) Food shortages in New France  C) 20,000 soldiers  D) New France: small population and big territory  E) Colony was controlled by France (too far away)

Important Dates  The Fall of Quebec City: 1759  The Capitulation (giving up without fighting) of Montreal: 1760  The Treaty of Paris (rules made at the end of the war): 1763

5. Royal Proclamation: 1763 a) Main goal: assimilate the French b) How did they plan to do this?  1. Created English schools  2. Established English churches (protestant)

Royal Proclamation  3. Immigration: No new French allowed in British North America  Even with all of these restraints, the French Canadien population continued to grow…. Why?

Royal Proclamation  4. Adopted British (English) civil and criminal laws.  5. Encouraged the Township system  (squares instead of long rectangles)  6. Adopted the Test Act: Catholics could not have important jobs. People had to take the “Test Oath” swearing they would be loyal to Britain.

7. Made the territory smaller: Before After

8. Impact on the Amerindians  A) The Amerindians go from being important allies to wards of the state.  B) The state decides they are more of a problem than anything else and they start to do things to “contain” and “eliminate” that problem.

C) Start of the Reserve system  The whole idea started with Royal Proclamation, where the British Government “gave” land to the Amerindians that they were supposed to live on.  It was called “Rupert’s Land”

 D) Royal Proclamation also created the “Indian Department.”  Now any “issues” with the Amerindians had to go through the Indian Department.  E) Between immigrants and loyalists, the Amerindians lost a lot of their territory.

Amerindians during the British regime  Population:  1. Around 1800 there are 5000 Iroquois and Algonquin living in the St- Lawrence Valley  2. Effects of European immigration:  A) “acculturation”: Many Amerindians become more European.  B) Fishing and hunting grounds are reduced without consultation.

Royal Proclamation KING OF ENGLAND Governor represents the king Executive council chosen by and advises the governor could not be Catholic