POPULATION 3 4.

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Presentation transcript:

POPULATION 3 4

POPULATIONS: Distribution 2 1

POPULATIONS: Abundance (including Density) 5

POPULATIONS: Dispersal

POPULATIONS: Age Structure

Populations: Age Structure White Oak

Populations: Age Structure Fremont Cottonwood

Age Structure: Large Cactus Finch

Population Age Structure: Survivorship (lx) 8

Population Age Structure: Reproduction R0: Net Reproductive Rate T: Generation Time

Population Age Structure: Growth Rates Non-Overlapping Reproduction Continuous Reproduction r = Per Capita Rate of Increase = Geometric Rate of Increase r > 0: Increasing > 1 : Increasing r < 0: Decreasing < 1: Decreasing

Patterns of Survivorships Fig. 10-18 in Molles 2006

Type I Survivorship Curve 12 Fig. 10-14 in Molles 2006

Type II Survivorship Curve 9 Fig. 10-16 in Molles 2006 10

Type III Survivorship Curve 11 Beeplant (Cleome) Fig. 10-17 in Molles 2006

Collecting Data for Analyzing Age Structure: Cohort Life Table Analysis Cohort: All individuals born at the same time

Cohort Lifetable: Monitor all individuals born in a given year until their death Age (Years) Number of Survivors 0-1 1,000 1-2 800 2-3 640 3-4 500 4-5 380 5-6 152 6-7 60 Cohort: A group of individuals of the same age

Problems with Cohort Life Tables?

Static Life Table Analysis Collecting Data for Survivorship Curves II: Static Life Table Analysis 15 16 Adolph Murie 14

Collect age data on individuals at time of death Static Life Table Collect age data on individuals at time of death Fig. 10.14 in Molles 2006

Survivorship Curve for Dall Sheep (Based on Static Life Table Analysis) Fig. 10-14 in Molles 2006

Assumption of Static Life Table Analysis: Proportion of skulls in each age class = Proportion of individuals who die in each age class

Combining Life Tables with Fecundity Schedules (Continuous Reproduction) Table 10.2 in Molles 2006 (continued)

Useful Life Table Notation x: Age in years dx: Number of individuals dead in a given time interval nx: Number of individuals surviving to beginning of x lx: Proportion of original individuals surviving to beginning of x mx: Number of individuals produced per individual during time period x

Ro = ∑ lxmx Indices of Population Growth Ro: Net Reproductive Rate (Animals: Total # females produced per female in one lifetime) (Ro < 1, population size is decreasing) (Ro = 1, population size is not changing) (Ro > 1, population size is increasing) Ro = ∑ lxmx

(Mean age of a Female when Giving Birth) Indices of Population Growth T: Generation Time (Mean age of a Female when Giving Birth) ∑ x lx mx T = __________ Ro

Indices of Population Growth r: Per Capita Rate of Increase (= birth rate – death rate) (If r < 0, population is decreasing) (If r = 0, population is not changing) (If r > 0, population is increasing) ln Ro _______ r = T

Common Mud Turtle (K. subrubrum)

ln Ro _______ r = T Table 10.2 in Molles 2006 (continued)

1 http://www.desertusa.com/mag05/nov/images/no4creosote.jpg 2 http://www.swsbm.com/Maps/Larrea_tridentata.gif 3 http://www.sourcepointherbs.org/larrea.JPG 4 http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/waxcamps/images/creosote-lg.jpg 5 http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/graphics/frog_in_ duckweed.gif 6 http://canalphotos.org/8-28_canal_duckweed_2_PS_rz.jpg 7 http://www.highmars.org/niac/images/dweed02.jpg 8 http://abell.as.arizona.edu/~hill/4x4/gila104.gif 9 http://www.science.smith.edu/stopoverbirds/birdpixs/images/ American%20Robin.jpg

10 http://sdakotabirds.com/species/photos/white_crowned_sparrow.jpg 11 http://www.boxerwood.com/PHOTO%20TOUR/images/ julyblooming/cleome.jpg 12 http://www.princewilliamsoundcruises.com/images/dall-sheep.jpg 13 http://www.ci.el-paso.tx.us/green_infrastructure/_images/image1b.jpg 14 http://www.texas-hunts.com/Armenian%20Red%20Sheep%201.JPG 15 http://www.bucktrack.com/Alaska_Brooks_Range_Traverse/Photos/ Dall_Sheep_Skull.jpg 16 http://www.atpm.com/10.11/ireland/images/glendalough-cemetary-420.jpg 17 http://www.igallopon.com/images/2006/54/t4.jpg 18 http://www.v-liz.com/galapagos/espanola/gardne~1/finch1.jpg 19 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/TurtleMudAnterior01.jpg