Agenda 1. Notes - Genetics 2. Marshmallow Monsters 3. Vocabulary strips Warm-Up Question 1. Use the following terms to explain fertilization (haploid, diploid, gamete, zygote, chromosomes)?

Vocabulary Genotype Phenotype Heterozygous Homozygous Dominant Recessive Allele Mendel Trait

Mendelian Genetics Why do we look like our parents and grandparents?

Gregor Mendel… He’s THE MAN He studied heredity, how characteristics or traits are passed from parents to offspring. To find out about heredity, Mendel studied pea plants.

Pea Plant

Why are some flowers purple and others white?

Trait

A type of characteristic. Example: Flower color, Plant height Eye shape, Hair color What determines which traits you will have and which your kids will have?

Gene The genetic information on a chromosome for a characteristic. We have 2 copies of each gene, one from mom and one from dad. MomDad Genes Gene for hair

Allele Allele: Different forms of a gene. Different alleles code for different traits. Example Flower Color W = Purple w = white DadMom Ww

Dominant Allele Dominant Allele - prevents other genes from showing their traits. These are written with Capital Letters. (like B, R, W) DadMom Dominant Bb

Example of Dominance Pea plants may carry one allele from dad w for white flowers and one from mom W for purple flowers. Because W is dominant, the baby pea plant will have purple flowers. MomDad W w

Recessive Gene Recessive Gene - does not show its trait when there is a dominant gene. These are written with lowercase letters. a, b, c Recessive DadMom Bb

Example of Recessive Inheritance If a pea plant has WW or Ww they have a dominant gene and will have purple flowers. However if the pea plant has two recessive genes ww, their flowers will be white. MomDad w w

Genotype Genotype: The genes or alleles we have for a certain trait. Example WW, Ww, or ww Homozygous - same (WW or ww) Heterozygous - different (Ww)

Phenotype The physical trait that is shown. The phenotype is determined by the genotype. Example White flower, purple flower Brown eyes, blue eyes

Genotype and Phenotype Purple Flower WW or Ww White Flower ww

We do not know which genes we are going to pass to our children. MomDadA a A AA aA aa a

Can you roll your tongue?

Agenda Mendel Letter Bikini Bottom Worksheet Oompha Loopa Genetics Giants Blue hair (B) is dominant to Eagles Green hair (b). 1.Write out the homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, and heterozygous genotypes. 2.What is the phenotype for a Bb individual?

Law of Segregation Before meiosis, the original parent cell has 2 of every allele. During meiosis, the parent cell divides to form a gamete (sperm or eggs) which have only 1 of every allele.

eheh EHEH EhEh eHeH EHEH eheh EhEh eHeH E = brown eyesH = black hair e = blue eyesh = red hair

Law of Independent Assortment The separation of one pair of alleles does not influence the separation of another pair of alleles.

Generation All the individuals and offspring born and living at the same time.

Do you have a widow’s peak?

Are your earlobes attached?