Verbs SPI 0601.1.1 . . . verbs (including agreement with the subject in person and number, action verbs that take objects, linking verbs, helping verbs, verb phrases, verb tenses, regular and irregular verb forms) . . . SPI 0601.1.2 Recognize and correct usage errors (e.g., double negatives, troublesome words {to/too/two, their/there/they’re, its/it’s, sit/set, lie/lay, affect/effect, may/can, leave/let, teach/learn, accept/except, capitol/capital, principle/principal, between/among}).

What is a verb? Verbs are words that describe: an action a state Bill hopped, skipped, and ran down the street. a state Her name is Sally. She has 3 brothers and a sister. or an occurrence/happening Snow glistened on the tree tops. The blackout occurred after midnight.

Helping Verbs Helping verbs are words that help the main verb. They have no meaning on their own. Helping verbs are needed to make the sentence grammatically correct. Examples: Peter is going to town. Jane would have gone, but she didn’t have a ride.

Helping Verb Song (Sung to the tune of Jingle Bells) Helping Verbs!  Helping Verbs!  There are 23.... Am, is are!  Was and were!  Being, been, and be! Have, has, had!  Do, does, did!  Shall, should, will, and would! There are 5 more helping verbs:  may, might, must, can, and could! 

Helping and Main Verbs http://www.kyrene.k12.az.us/schools/brisas/sunda/verb/1help.htm

Helping Verbs may might must be being been am are is was were (main) do does did should could would have had has will can shall

Practice Student Packet page 81. has gone had eaten Helping Verb Main Verb 1. Chris has gone to the movie. has gone 2. That worker had eaten in a café. had eaten

Regular Verbs Regular verbs will show past tense by adding –ed. Today I walk to town. Yesterday I walked to town. Present tense is shown by adding –ing. Right now I am walking to town.

Rules Some regular verbs vary slightly in spelling, but basically still follow the pattern. For example If a verb ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant (VC), and the vowel has a strong stress, the final consonant is doubled before adding -ed or -ing. stop – stopped – stopping OR If the verb ends in -e, drop the e before adding –ed or -ing. hope – hoped – hoping If the verb ends in a consonant plus y (Cy), we change the y to i and add -es or -ed. In the case of -ing, we do not change the y. study – studied - studying

Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs do not follow the rules, and must be memorized. On the next 5 slides you will see some irregular verbs. Don’t worry. You have heard these your whole life. Most you will just know.

List of Irregular Verbs in English Present Past Past Participle be was, were been become became begin began begun blow blew blown break broke broken bring brought build built burst buy bought catch caught choose chose chosen come came cut deal dealt do did done drink drank drunk

List of Irregular Verbs in English Present Past Past Participle drive drove driven eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed feel felt fight fought find found fly flew flown forbid forbade forbidden forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen get got gotten give gave given go went gone grow grew grown have had

List of Irregular Verbs in English hear heard hide hid hidden hold held hurt keep kept know knew known lay laid lead led leave left let lie lain lose lost make made meet met pay paid quit read ride rode ridden

List of Irregular Verbs in English run ran say said see saw seen seek sought sell sold send sent shake shook shaken shine shone sing sang sung sit sat sleep slept speak spoke spoken spend spent spring sprang sprung stand stood steal stole stolen swim swam swum swing swung

List of Irregular Verbs in English take took taken teach taught tear tore torn tell told think thought throw threw thrown understand understood wake woke (waked) woken (waked) wear wore worn win won write wrote written

Practice Page 91 1. Past participle of to begin had begun Past participle of to leave had left Page 93 Past participle of to sit had sat Past participle of to grow had grown

Practice Page 95 That toilet has (broke, broken) again. A credit card was (stolen, stole) from his wallet. Page 97 The tomato plant has (grew, grown) very large. Marty had (came, come) to the party early. We could have (swam, swum) for another hour.

Sit and Set Sit means “to take a seat or sit down.” I want to sit here a while and rest. Sit in the blue chair. Set means “to place something.” Please set this blue chair in that corner. Set the red cushion on the blue chair.

Lie and Lay People lie on beds. Dogs lie on people. Fleas lie on dogs. The people, the dogs, and the fleas are very still. Lie is a still verb. A person picks up a dog and lays it on a blanket. A pair of tweezers picks a flea off a dog and lays it outside. A hen lays an egg. The person, the tweezers, and the hen are very active. Lay is an active verb. It implies that somebody is setting or placing something somewhere.

Lie (to lie down on a bed) lie, lay, lain, lying Today I lie in bed. Yesterday I lay in bed. Many times I have lain in bed. Yesterday I was lying in bed all day. Lying in bed all day is boring.

Lay (to place something, to set something down) lay, laid, laid, laying Today I lay the book on the counter. Yesterday I laid the book on the counter. Many times I have laid the book on the counter. Yesterday I was laying the book on the counter when Mom came home. Laying books on the kitchen counter is against the rules in my house.

Americans use the words lie and lay incorrectly so often that your ear has trouble telling you which is correct. Here are a few tips to help you keep these words straight.

Tip Remember the verb lay works just like to say and to pay. Those verbs are irregular, but they aren’t confusing. Today I say that I pay; yesterday I said that I paid; many times I have said that I have paid. To lay works the same. lay, laid, laid

Tip 2 Nobody says that hens lie eggs. We all get that one correct: hens lay eggs. Those hens are mighty busy! Just visualize in your mind how active and busy those hens are. Lay is an active, busy word. When you’re doing something active (laying down your backpack, laying a new rug on the floor), lay is the word you want.

Tip 3 Remember that lie is a quiet word. Here’s a silly ditty you can use to remind yourself of that (notice all the “eye” sounds): At night, I turn out my light and lie. Whether it’s on you sofa, on your beach towel, or on your bed, if you are quietly reclining, you’re lying – never laying.

Tip 4 Substitute the word place or the word put. If the sentence sounds right, lay is the word you want. If it doesn’t sound right, lie is the word you want. Does it sound right to say that you place the book on the table? Yes, so it’s correct to say that you lay the book on the table. Does it sound right to say you place in your bed at night? No, so it’s correct to say that you lie in your bed at night.

Troublesome Verbs Present Present Participle "to be" Past Past Participle Future To lie she lies she is lying she lay she has lain she will lie To lay she lays (it) She is laying she laid (it) she has laid (it) she will lay (it) To sit he sits he is sitting he sat he has sat he will sit To set he sets (it) he is setting he set (it) he has set (it) he will set (it)

Direct Object In the next assignment you will be crossing out prepositional phrases and identifying direct objects. Remember A prepositional phrase will begin with a preposition and end with a noun or pronoun. subject + verb + what? or who? = direct object

Practice Page 109 A surfer (lay, laid) his board on the sand. My grandfather (sits, sets) by a stream during fishing season. Page 111 Jenny is (laying, lying) in the sun without a hat. That lady always (sits, sets) in the sun without a hat.) DO

Linking Verbs Linking verbs are words that connect the subject to additional information about the subject. Linking verbs connect the subject to a predicate noun or predicate adjective. Examples George Washington became the first president. Paul is nine years old.

Linking Verbs The most common linking verb is the verb to be. Other common linking verbs are forms of to become to seem to appear to look to feel to sound to taste to smell

Practice Page 125 The sky is cloudy. cloudy sky His ring is gold. gold ring Page 131 __L___ The fudge became sticky. __L___ The floor behind the stove grew dirty. __A___ I walked to the store. PA PA was was

Practice Page 133 __L___ Our cat seems sick. __L___ His idea sounded terrific. is was

Subject/Verb Agreement Subjects and verbs must work together. They must agree. A verb that ends in a single -s, -es, or -ies  is used with a singular noun.

Examples Singular Subject Singular Verb Little Bear bellows Omri shares Fire glows Patrick fixes

A verb that does not end in a single s, es, or ies is used with a plural noun.

Examples Plural Subject Plural Verb a cowboy and his horse bellow cowboys share The two fires glow Patrick’s parents fix

Brain Pop Watch the Brain Pop movie, then try the quiz. http://www.brainpop.com/english/grammar/subjectverbagreement/

Practice Page 137 A guide (lives, live) in those mountains. Margo (stays, stay) with her grandmother. Page 139 The dog (bark, barks) throughout the night. This document (is, are) very important.

Practice Page 143 His friends (sit, sits) beside me on the bus. Gold miners (search, searches) for gold in the Superstition Mountains.

Practice Page 141 Those trains (travel, travels) through a tunnel. Some cooks (make, makes) lasagna without meat. DO

Verb Tenses Present, Past, or Future There are three main verb tenses: Present Past Future Practice - Page 151 1. Present Terry rollerskates to his friend’s house. 2. Past Terry rollerskated with his sister. 3. Future Tonight, Terry will rollerskate around the park.

Practice Page 153 _present__ These girls swim in the ocean. _future___ Mom will swim twenty laps. _past____ My cousin swam on a high school team.

Practice Page 155 Past tense of to decide ___decided___ Present tense of to choose _choose, chooses__