Why do girls get their period? 12/7/15 Date:12/7/15Topic:Reproductive VocabPage # ___

Today in Room 326/311… HW: Brainstorm reasons why it may be beneficial to reproduce sexually instead of asexually- use your brain!! (I will know if you Google this!!) CONTENT OBJ: SW differentiate between sexual and asexual repro and mitosis/meiosis LANG. OBJ: SW apply reproductive vocab in context ANNOUNCEMENTS: Quiz on Wed!! (May look very similar to today!!) AGENDA: AS: Why do girls get their period? (5 min) Menstruation/Ovulation (5 min) Reproductive Vocab notes (30 min) Repro Practice Quiz (25 min) Review Quiz (15 min) Date:12/7/15Topic:Reproductive VocabPage # ___

Menstruation Endometrium = lining of uterus; provides nutrients to embryo; shed during menstruation

Ovulation/Menstruation Ovulation: Menstruation: dex=71&list=PLF_-tIFq2lApRqbnyX8oSltmRzwTJQa- 0 dex=71&list=PLF_-tIFq2lApRqbnyX8oSltmRzwTJQa- 0 (Watch from 0:20 to 1:00)

Which reproductive organs make hormones?* Female?Ovaries Estrogen (ovulation) Progesterone (pregnancy) Male?Testes Testosterone (sperm formation) *Sex organs (ovaries/testes) = gonads

How are twins formed? Video: ube.com/watch? v=RbxADfjigsU

Sex Cells* Female? Egg/ovum (ova) Male?Sperm Scientific name for sperm/egg? Gametes

Chromosomes* Organized packaging holding DNA Found in the nucleus of cells Humans have 23 pairs, total of 46 chromosomes 23 chromosomes from mom, 23 from dad combine to make 23 PAIRS (46 total)

Sex Determination* 22 pairs of chromosomes called autosomes (any non-sex chromosome) 23 rd pair (one pair) are sex chromosomes Egg from female = X Sperm from male = X OR Y Females = XX Males = XY

Ploidy* Ploidy = references # of chromosomes One set of chromosomes = n = haploid/monoploid Two sets of chromosomes = 2n = diploid Sperm = n (haploid) Egg = n (haploid) sperm + egg = zygote = 2n (diploid)

Gametogenesis* Process of producing gametes Spermatogenesis = process of producing sperm Oogenesis = process of producing ova Gametes (sperm/egg) produced in the gonads (testicles/ovaries) by meiosis (type of cell division) Meiosis produces genetically different cells Mitosis produces genetically identical cells “Genesis” means “formation of”

Mitosis = results in diploid cells* Meiosis = results in haploid cells* Chromosome # does NOT change*Chromosome # reduced by half*

Cell replication* Meiosis responsible for sex cell replication (sexual reproduction) Mitosis responsible for body cell replication (also responsible for asexual reproduction in other organisms) Human body goes from a few cells  a trillion cells Differentiation = cell changes from one cell type to another

Word Associations* Bacteria Asexual reproduction Identical offspring MitosisHaploidHumans Sexual reproduction Unique offspring Mitosis (body cells) & Meiosis (sex cells) Diploid (except for sperm/egg) For each organism, determine… -Use sexual or asexual reproduction? -Result in identical or unique offspring? -Cell division through mitosis or meiosis? -Produce diploid or haploid cells? ^^ Discuss in pairs

Fertilization & Development* Humans : internal fertilization & internal development (sexual intercourse) & (fetus grows in uterus of mother) Fish : external fertilization & external development (eggs on ground, male drops sperm on eggs) & (zygote grows inside egg, outside mother) Which strategy is MORE LIKELY to lead to an offspring that successfully develops into an embryo and eventually a baby? Internal development and fertilization is the best way to ensure offspring survival

Asexual vs. Sexual Repro Review Sexual repro is when … Sperm & egg combine (doesn’t matter how!) Gametogenesis Asexual repro methods… Budding Binary fission SporulationRegeneration Cleavage furrow spores hydra

Repro Practice Test In pairs, read out questions to each other and decide on the answers Debate as necessary, and circle answer We will discuss answers at the end You get credit when you complete the packet