Section 6.1 Objectives 1. Discuss the elastic rebound theory.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 6.1 Objectives 1. Discuss the elastic rebound theory. 2. Explain why earthquakes generally occur at plate boundaries.

Earthquakes & Plate Tectonics Earthquakes (EQs): vibrations of the Earth’s crust Occur when rocks under stress suddenly shift

Elastic Rebound Theory: the theory geologists use to explain many EQs Rocks on each side of fault are moving If fault is locked, stress increases At certain point rocks fracture & rebound

Focus: the area along a fault where slippage 1st occurs. Depths vary

Epicenter: the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus.

Aftershocks: series of smaller tremors. Caused by released energy (seismic waves) Increases stress in other rocks along the fault

Focus depths vary Shallow focus - w/in 70 km of surface Tend to cause the most damage

Focus depths vary Intermediate focus - 70 to 300 km

Focus depths vary Deep focus (occur in subduction zone) 300 to 650 km

Focus depths vary About 90% of Continental EQs are shallow focus

3 Major EQ Zones Links btwn EQs & Plate Tectonics Plate movements = stress buildup

Pacific Ring of Fire: ring of tectonic/volcanic activity surrounding the pacific.

Mid-ocean ridges: spreading motion = stress

Eurasian-Melanesian mountain belt: Eurasian plate colliding w/African & Indian plates = stress

Fault Zones: are groups of interconnected faults. Form at plate boundaries b/c of intense stress e.g. San Andreas fault

Not all EQs occur at plate boundaries! e.g. New Madrid, Missouri, 1812 Ancient fault? (600 million yrs ago)