mRNA Codes for Amino Acids

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Presentation transcript:

mRNA Codes for Amino Acids Read second letter here Second Letter Read third letter here Third Letter Read first letter here First Letter U C A G UUU Phe UCU Ser UAU Tyr UGU Cys UUC UCC UAC UGC UUA Leu UCA UAA STOP UGA UUG UCG UAG UGG Try CUU CCU Pro CAU His CGU Arg CUC CCC CAC CGC CUA CCA CAA Gln CGA CUG CCG CAG CGG AUU Iso ACU Thr AAU Asn AGU AUC ACC AAC AGC AUA ACA AAA Lys AGA AUG Met ACG AAG AGG GUU Val GCU Ala GAU Asp GGU Gly GUC GCC GAC GGC GUA GCA GAA Glu GGA GUG GCG GAG GGG

Rough endoplasmic reticulum Translation Translation is the process of building a polypeptide chain from amino acids, guided by the sequence of codons on the mRNA. Structures involved in translation: Messenger RNA Transfer RNA Ribosomes (rRNA) Amino acids Rough endoplasmic reticulum mRNA Ribosomes tRNA Amino acids

The anticodon is complementary to the codon on the mRNA molecule tRNA tRNA molecule There is a specific tRNA molecule for each type of codon. The anticodon is the site of the 3-base sequence that matches up with the codon on the mRNA molecule. Amino acid attachment site Transfer RNA molecule The anticodon is complementary to the codon on the mRNA molecule Anticodon

Translation: Initiation The first initiation stage of translation brings together mRNA, a tRNA, and the two ribosomal subunits. Initiator tRNA tRNA Small ribosomal unit attaches mRNA Ribosomes move in this direction P site A site Ribosome

Translation: Elongation In the elongation stage of translation, amino acids are added one by one by tRNAs as the ribosome moves along the mRNA. There are three steps: The correct tRNA binds to the A site on the ribosome. A peptide bond forms between adjacent amino acids. The tRNA at the E site is released and a new tRNA comes into the A site. tRNA Growing polypeptide A site P site Unloaded tRNA mRNA 5’

Translation: Termination The final stage of protein synthesis (termination) occurs when the ribosome reaches a stop codon. Completed polypeptide Completed polypeptide is released The ribosomal units then fall apart so that they can be recycled.

Overview of Translation Polypeptide chain Growing polypeptide Start codon Ribosome mRNA Ribosomes moving in this direction

Processes Involved With Protein Synthesis c mRNA molecule Processes Involved With Protein Synthesis tRNA recharged with amino acid Adding nucleotides to create mRNA Unloaded tRNA leaves translation complex Unwinding DNA molecule RNA polymerase tRNA with amino acid is drawn into the ribosome DNA molecule rewinds mRNA moves to cytoplasm tRNA adds amino acid to growing polypeptide Nucleus Cytoplasm