DNA in the Cell Stored in Number of Chromosomes (24 in Human Genome) Tightly coiled threads of DNA and Associated Proteins: Chromatin 3 billion bp in Human.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Advertisements

CH 11.4 & 11.5 “DNA to Polypeptide”.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Transcription & Translation Biology 6(C). Learning Objectives Describe how DNA is used to make protein Explain process of transcription Explain process.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

10-2: RNA and 10-3: Protein Synthesis

What organic molecule is DNA? Nucleic Acid. An organic molecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus Examples: DNA ???? RNA.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

RNA Ribonucleic Acid.

FROM GENE TO PROTEIN: TRANSCRIPTION & RNA PROCESSING Chapter 17.

How Genes Work. Transcription The information contained in DNA is stored in blocks called genes  the genes code for proteins  the proteins determine.

Microbial Genetics: DNA and RNA What chemical carries the genetic instructions in cells, and how is this chemical reproduced? How is this chemical used.

Chapter 11 DNA and Genes. Proteins Form structures and control chemical reactions in cells. Polymers of amino acids. Coded for by specific sequences of.

13.1/13.2 Protein Synthesis From DNA to Protein Protein Synthesis is the process that cells use to produce - it involves.

Chapter 13.2 (Pgs ): Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

Transcription and Translation

Protein Synthesis. DNA acts like an "instruction manual“ – it provides all the information needed to function the actual work of translating the information.

Protein Synthesis Transcription and Translation DNA Transcription RNA Translation Protein.

Protein Synthesis. The DNA Code It is a universal code. The order of bases along the DNA strand codes for the order in which amino acids are chemically.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS RNA vs DNA RNADNA 1. 5 – Carbon sugar (ribose) 5 – Carbon sugar (deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate group Phosphate group 3. Nitrogenous.

VII RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis 12-3.

Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA Ribonucleic Acid. Structure of RNA  Single stranded  Ribose Sugar  5 carbon sugar  Phosphate group  Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.

Protein Synthesis: DNA CONTAINS THE GENETIC INFORMATION TO PRODUCE PROTEINS BUT MUST FIRST BE CONVERTED TO RND TO DO SO.

Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

DNA & GENETICS. There are four kinds of bases in DNA: adenine guanine cytosine thymine.

Structure of RNA  Structure  Nucleic acid made up of nucleotides  composed of Ribose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base  Nitrogenous bases  Adenine.

12-3 RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS. 1. THE STRUCTURE OF RNA.

RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

What is central dogma? From DNA to Protein

3.A.1 DNA and RNA Part IV: Translation DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary source of heritable information. DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary.

Structure of DNA DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides

Ch Gene  Protein A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that code for a polypeptide (protein) Hundreds-thousands of genes are on a typical chromosome.

Protein Synthesis How genes work.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION. TRANSLATING THE GENETIC CODE ■GENES: CODED DNA INSTRUCTIONS THAT CONTROL THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEINS WITHIN.

GENOME: an organism’s complete set of genetic material In humans, ~3 billion base pairs CHROMOSOME: Part of the genome; structure that holds tightly wound.

Chapter 12 DNA and RNA.

RNA, Transcription, and the Genetic Code. RNA = ribonucleic acid -Nucleic acid similar to DNA but with several differences DNARNA Number of strands21.

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA  RNA  Protein  Trait.

CH 12.3 RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins within the cell…

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis Page 300. A. Introduction 1. Chromosomes are a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of.

Chapter 12.3 DNA, RNA and Protein DNA, RNA, and Protein Molecular Genetics Central Dogma  RNA - Contains the sugar ribose and the base uracil,

Ch. 11: DNA Replication, Transcription, & Translation Mrs. Geist Biology, Fall Swansboro High School.

Chapter  Relate the concept of the gene to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA  Sequence the steps involved in protein synthesis ◦ DNA  mRNA =

Notes: Transcription DNA vs. RNA

RNA and Protein Synthesis

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS CHAPTER 10 section 4

DNA Replication.

From DNA to Proteins Transcription.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis.

Transcription and Translation

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Central Dogma Central Dogma categorized by: DNA Replication Transcription Translation From that, we find the flow of.

RNA and Protein Synthesis

Transcription/ Translation Notes 16-17

Protein Synthesis The genetic code – the sequence of nucleotides in DNA – is ultimately translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins – gene.

Protein Synthesis.

Protein Synthesis.

Presentation transcript:

DNA in the Cell Stored in Number of Chromosomes (24 in Human Genome) Tightly coiled threads of DNA and Associated Proteins: Chromatin 3 billion bp in Human Genome: Total genetic content of cell DNA can be replicated Genes: Specific sequence of bases (one polypeptide

Central Dogma

Flow of Information DNA store a lot of information A little bit used at a time Small bits copied into temporary molecules messenger RNA (mRNA) Transcription RNA - Single Stranded –U for T –Ribose is sugar

Coding Sets of three letter from (A,G,C,T) codes for amino acid (codon) Stop codons (3) Universal language for Amino Acids

Transcription Transcription to preserve the DNA (sense) RNA (antisense) made by RNA Polymerase Polymerase binds at DNA promoter sequence just before the gene Nucleotides from environment added to RNA chain based on DNA Template Continues until terminator sequence

Genes 10% of DNA encodes for Genes Exons: Coding Sequences for Proteins Introns: Non-Coding Sequences Human Genome: 100,000 Genes 100,000 Proteins synthesized from genes Genes encode for Amino Acids(Codons) Building blocks for proteins (workers)

DNA to messenger RNA (mRNA) Direct for prokaryotes From Nucleus to Cytoplasm for eukaryotes Introns removed from mRNA Template for Protein Synthesis by Ribosome

Translation mRNA copy to Protein Translation: Process of Protein Synthesis Occurs on Ribosomes: Large structures consisting of proteins and RNA Many of them in the cell transfer RNA (tRNA) which accomplish actual translation

tRNA At one anticodon (three base sequence) Complementary to one of codons on mRNA At other end is a chemical group to attach an amino acid Read codons, Bind to them, Bring amino acid to ribosome Shape dependent -- Energy Consuming (50% in bacteria)

Signals for Protein Synthesis Stop Codons Start Codon –Beginning of mRNA sequence –Reading Frame (way message divided into codons) AUGCCUGUCAAA

DNA Replication Copy DNA for new cells DNA Polymerases Mistakes corrected by enzyme itself Proofreading Mistake 1 in 10^9