BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Allison McArton, Grant Smith, Padraic Casserly, Angwei Law

TYPES OF ENGINEERING AT UW- MADISON Biomedical Engineering: BME Chemical Engineering: CBE Civil Engineering: CEE Computer Engineering: CompE Electrical Engineering: ECE Engineering Mechanics: EM Engineering Physics: EP Geological Engineering: GLE Industrial and Systems Engineering: ISyE Materials Science and Engineering: MS&E Mechanical Engineering: ME Nuclear Engineering: NE

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Most Common Improve efficiency Some divisions include: Automotive Robotics Machine design Manufacturing industries

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Chemistry focus Converting raw materials to usable forms Oil Hydrogen Power

COMPUTER ENGINEERING Combines electrical engineering and computer science Both software and hardware design Examples Microprocessors PCs Circuit design

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Another major type of engineering Electronics Power Control systems Signaling Processing

OTHER TYPES Civil Engineering Geological Engineering Engineering Mechanics/Physics Industrial Materials Science

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FOCUSES Biomechanics Mechanics of the human body Joints, flows (blood, lymphatic, etc.), impacts Bioinstrumentation Electronics and circuitry to monitor biology Neuroengineering Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Biological aspects of engineering Stem cells, biological interactions with materials Stented Porcine

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING FOCUSES Medical Imaging MRI, PET, CAT, X-ray, ultrasound, etc. Useful for diagnosis and functional understanding Healthcare systems and Medical Informatics The union of medicine and lots of data Improves security, efficiency, safety, response time

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING CAREERS Pharmaceuticals Tylenol, Prozac, etc. Laboratory testing, FDA standards Biomedical Devices Pacemakers, imaging devices, dialysis machines Medtronic, GE Healthcare Biologics (Vaccines, Cell Therapies, Tissue Replacements, etc.) Implants, prosthetics Usually smaller companies (ex. Norman Noble, Inc.)

WHAT CAN I DO WITH A BME DEGREE? Expect to look for a job BS Degree General engineering jobs from large companies Graduate school Other experiences (some small co.’s, going abroad) Masters Complements other undergraduate degrees well Entry level jobs relate to undergrad degree PhD/ Post Doc. Academia Specialized industry positions

CURRENT EVENTS IN BME Dutch scientists have grown pork meat in laboratory Used stem cells from pig which replicate to form muscle cells, myoblasts Muscle cells incubated in a nutrient-filled solution, which encouraged them to replicate Resulting muscle is 80% similar to pork muscle Advocates say that in-vitro meat is better for humans, animals, and the environment Tissue Engineering Source: 2.ece

CURRENT EVENTS IN BME Researchers have grown a beating heart in a jar Used detergents to remove cardiac cells from a rat heart, leaving only the connective tissue Then implanted the stripped heart with cardiac cells from a different rat and allowed them to repopulate into a fully functional heart Tissue Engineering Could be used for humans without risk of immune response Source: 84.html

CURRENT EVENTS IN BME Retinal prosthesis to provide sight for patients blinded from outer retinal degeneration Device comprised of: Tiny, glasses-mounted video camera Radio transmitter/receiver Electrode-studded array Battery pack on belt Bioinstrumentation Source: artificial%20retina%20project.jpg

OUR DESIGN PROJECT Liquid medication delivery system Engineering World Health (EWH) National Design Competition Cost effective bottle-top dispenser Sterilely deliver fixed doses of nevirapine Nevirapine reduces mother-to-child transmission of HIV

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS Dispense 0.6 mL (± 0.05 mL) of medicine Accurately deliver 400 doses; operable for 6 months Seal medicine bottle and prevent contamination Cost less than $2.00

DESIGN PROCESS Contact client; determine design specifications Do literature research Brainstorm ideas Evaluate design alternatives; select the best one Obtain materials Construct prototype Test the prototype Make necessary modifications; test again

PREVIOUS PROTOTYPE Simple to use, but too expensive

Current Prototype syringe  clamp 1  clamp 2  Bottle cap with hole drilled into it to pass tubing through Two clamps to control liquid flow Syringe to draw up and dispense medicine

REFERENCES 6.jpg g mputer_Inside_by_Dragonfanatic.jpg uit.gif