SOLUTIONS AND MECHANICAL MIXTURES

The Particle Theory 1.All matter is composed of tiny particles.  Size and shape vary.  All particles of pure substance are exactly the same size. 2.All particles of one substance are the same  Salt particles are different from pepper particles

The Particle Theory 3.There are spaces between particles. 4.Particles are always moving – the more energy they have, the faster they move.  temp the faster the particles move 5.There are forces of attraction between particles.

The Particle Theory Matter has particles M oving particles A ttraction between particles S ame particles throughout S paces between particles M 2 ASS Energy is transferred between particles by moving particles hitting each other and either speeding up or slowing down.

Classification of Matter matter mixturespure substances mechanical mixture (heterogeneous) solutions (homogeneous) Matter can exist in 3 states: Any substance or material that has mass and occupies space. solid, liquid and gas

Matter Solid Particles are close together and locked together into a pattern. Attractive forces are very strong. Particles move, but only vibrate in one place.

Matter Liquid Particles are slightly farther apart Attractive forces are weaker Particles are able to slide past one another

Matter Gas Particles are far apart. Attractive forces are weakest. Particles are able to move in any direction.

Pure Substances Contain only one kind of particle. All samples have same properties (big or small). Only a few are found in nature (raw material). e.g.diamond, sugar, aluminum foil

Contain 2 or more pure substances. Any combination of solids, liquids and gases. Almost all natural substances are mixtures of pure substances. e.g. pop – mixture of liquid water, solid sugar, and CO 2 Mixtures

Mixtures solution (homogeneous) pure substance mechanical mixture (heterogeneous)

Mixtures Homogeneous (“same kind”) A solution Particles of 2 or more pure substances mix completely Feel and look like one substance Properties of sample always the same e.g. salt and water steel (iron, O 2 and C)

Mixtures Heterogeneous (“different kinds”) A mechanical mixture. 2 or more substances can be seen or felt. Each sample will have different properties. e.g. granola, concrete