How do places affect identity and how can we see identities in places? Identity and Place How do places affect identity and how can we see identities in places?

Ethnicity and Place Ethnic identity is greatly affected by scale and place E.g., India and Pakistan In South Asia there is conflict between them In Fairfax County, VA, they identify with each other as part of a collective South Asian identity Sometimes ethnicity is defined by conflict between two groups with no other way to describe them Hutu vs. Tutsi

Ethnic Enclaves/Neighborhoods Ethnos – Greek for people or nation Ethnic often used to describe a neighborhood or a cuisine What are some local examples you can think of? Examples: Slovenia became independent from Yugoslavia in 1991-justified it on “race”, the right to control its own domain. Northern Ireland-no racial distinction-2 ethnic groups with religion as the ethnic glue-Protestant versus Catholic. Belgium-a linguistic difference-Walloons versus Flemish Apartheid of South Africa homelands based on ethnic groups Popular American culture often erodes the ethnic neighborhood cohesiveness-e.g. Little Havana-old values such as family ties and church are eroded by the acculturation of the young-yet acculturation NOT resulting in rapid assimilation. “Welcome to Little Havana” 3

Ethnic Enclaves Little Italy

Ethnic Enclaves New York and San Francisco Chinatown 5

Ethnic Enclaves Polish in Greenpoint, Brooklyn

Ethnic Groups in Los Angeles Barrioization When the population of a neighborhood changes over largely to Hispanics Cultural landscapes change to reflect changing populations Sequent occupance? Think of some local areas of barriozation 7

Invasion and Succession: The Santo Domingo enclave of Washington Heights, New York (Juan Pablo Duarte Boulevard) The Dominican flag waves from a flag post - the language of the street & signs are all in Spanish. The Santo Domingo enclave of Washington Heights, New York The Domincan flag waves from a flagpost-the language of the street & signs are all in Spanish. Juan Pablo Duarte Boulevard bustles with customers. Invasion and Succession: New immigrants to a city often move to areas occupied by older immigrant groups. 8

Gender

What is “masculine”? What is “feminine”?

Gender Gender is another identity marker Also socially constructed: gender roles Not to be confused with sex, which is biological Culturally specific: characteristics vary over time and place femininity  how many children you have

Gendered Spaces Places seen as appropriate for one gender or the other Curves gym Groups of 4 Identify gendered spaces by scale House School Shopping mall United States Online?

Gender, power, and place Women’s work tends to be undervalued and/or not counted Not included in gross national income (GNI) Housework Work of rural women in LDC’s Produce more than half the food Build homes Dig wells Plant and harvest crops Make clothes Refer to last page of packet (World Population Highlights 2010)

Dowry deaths India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran Disputes over the price paid by the bride’s family to the groom’s father Small number but not declining >8000 women in India in 2012 How is this related to what you learned about gender in your summer assignment? Hindu saying: "Raising a daughter is like watering your neighbors' garden"

Child Brides Who should decide whom you marry? Worldwide, how many girls under the age of 18 will be married this year? 14 million 5 million 850,000 Video: Too Young To Wed Record your thoughts, impressions and questions as you watch Video: Girl Rising – Azmera From Ethiopia