CH110 Chapter 2: Energy & Matter Potential & Kinetic Energy Energy from Food Temperature Specific Heat States of Matter Heating & Cooling Curves

Energy Energy = The capacity to cause change Heat Light

Units of Measurement Metric SI Common Conversions Length Volume Mass Energy meter (m) 1 m = 1.09 yd liter (L) 1 L = 1.06 qt gram (g) 1 kg = 2.2 lb calorie (cal) 1Kcal = 1000 cal = 1Cal Joule (J) 1 cal = 4.18 J

Energy Units of Energy = calorie cal kilocalorie kcal 1000 cal = 1 kcal Calorie Cal Cal = kcal joule J 4.18 J = 1 cal British Thermal Unit BTU

Energy calorie: E to raise 1 g H20 by 1 oC Specific Heat H2O 1 cal 1g 1oC 1oC

Energy from Food 4 kcal 1 g carb Carbohydrate 9 kcal 1 g fat Fat Protein 4 kcal 1 g protein

Units of Measurement Metric SI Common Conversions Length Volume Mass Energy Temperature meter (m) 1 m = 1.09 yd liter (L) 1 L = 1.06 qt gram (g) 1 kg = 2.2 lb calorie (cal) 1Kcal = 1000 cal = 1Cal Joule (J) 1 cal = 4.18 J Celsius (oC) C = (F-32)/1.8 Kelvin (K) K = C + 273

Temperature 180o 100o

Temperature conversion Common scales used Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin. oF = 1.8 oC + 32 oC = (oF - 32) 1.8 K = oC + 273 SI unit

Specific Heat E to raise Temp of 1g substance by 1 oC H2O 1.00 cal 1g 1oC H2O 1.00 Fe 0.11 Cu 0.093 Ag 0.057 Al 0.22 Sand 0.19 Au 0.031 Add 1 cal 0oC = start

Specific Heat E to raise Temp of 1g substance by 1oC H2O 1.00 30o Au 0.031 cal g oC Ag 0.057 20o Cu 0.093 10o Fe 0.11 Sand 0.19 Al 0.22 1o H2O 1.00 Add 1 cal 0oC = start

Specific Heat H2O 1.00 30o Au 0.031 Low SpHt; Heats quickly Ag 0.057 Cu 0.093 10o Fe 0.11 Sand 0.19 Al 0.22 1o H2O 1.00 High SpHt; Resists change

Resists change in body temp Specific Heat Dehydrated person Body temp rises quickly Hydrated person Resists change in body temp Heats quickly Gets hot Sand 0.19 H2O 1.00 Resists change Stays cold

Elemental states at 25oC Solid Liquid Gas H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba Ls Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 2

Condense Vaporize Melt Freeze Changes of State Fast, far apart, Random Vapor Condense Vaporize Boiling Pt Moderate, close, Random arrangement Liquid Melting Pt = Freezing Pt Melt Freeze Slow, close, Fixed arrangement Solid

Changes of State Vapor Deposit Frost Liquid Sublime Freeze Dry Solid