10. Tools Used to Measure

A. Length (m)– straight line distance between two points.

 for small measurements  Not the most accurate Ways to measure length: 1. Ruler

 For long measurements  Not the most accurate 2. Retractable Metal Tape

 used for small diameters and thickness of thin materials.  Accurate tool 3. Micrometer and Vernier Caliper

B. Volume – amount of space a substance occupies units are often expressed as cubic meters (m 3 ) or cubic centimeters (cm 3 = cc ) Volume of irregular shaped objects can be measured by water displacement 1. Solid (such as a brick) – would use V = l x w x h

2. Liquid - measure capacity in a container. Most common units are ml and liters. An important conversion is: 1 mL = 1 cm 3 = 1 cc

Ways to measure liquids: a)Graduated Cylinder accurate device

b) Pipettes – accurate device

c)Beaker and flask not as accurate

C. Temperature – measure of the amount of molecular movement Important Temperatures to Memorize Centigrade (C°) Fahrenheit (F°) Results 0°32°Water freezes 37°98.6°Average Body Temp 21°70°Room Temp 100°212°Water boils