Bell Work Explain what a president’s cabinet is. Explain what a president’s cabinet is. This Day in History: December 2, Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned emperor of France. December 2, The Monroe Doctrine is declared which forbade European interference in the Western Hemisphere and promised U.S. neutrality in European affairs. December 2, Abolitionist John Brown is hanged on charges of treason, murder, and insurrection for his raid on the arsenal at Harper’s Ferry.

Washington’s Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton’s Impact on the Nation

President Washington Americans saw George Washington as an honest man and a hero of the Revolution so he seemed a good fit for president. Americans saw George Washington as an honest man and a hero of the Revolution so he seemed a good fit for president. Electors from the 11 states that had passed the Constitution met in January 1789 to vote. Electors from the 11 states that had passed the Constitution met in January 1789 to vote. The electoral college selected Washington unanimously and picked John Adams to be vice president. The electoral college selected Washington unanimously and picked John Adams to be vice president.

First Acts of the Government Executive Branch The First Congress created executive departments. The president’s cabinet served as his advisers. Alexander Hamilton was chosen secretary of the treasury, Henry Knox, secretary of war, Thomas Jefferson, secretary of state, Edmund Randolph, attorney general. Judicial Branch Congress passed the Judiciary Act of 1789 to set up the federal court system. The act created three levels of federal courts and defined powers. It set up federal district courts and circuit courts of appeal. The president nominated federal judges.

Secretary of State Department of State (1789): Works with other countries. Department of State Department of State Secretary of the Treasury Department of the Treasury (1789): Supervises the collection of taxes and the printing of money. Department of the Treasury Department of the Treasury Secretary of Defense Department of Defense (1947): Oversees the armed forces. Department of Defense Department of Defense Attorney General Department of Justice (1870): Enforces the U.S. Government's laws. Department of Justice Department of Justice Secretary of the Interior Department of the Interior (1849): Protects natural resources and wildlife. Department of the Interior Department of the Interior Secretary of Agriculture Department of Agriculture (1862): Ensures a healthy food supply and provides support for farmers. Department of Agriculture Department of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Department of Commerce (1903): Promotes business and job opportunities for all Americans, responsible for all copyrights, patents, and trademarks; and oversees matters related to oceans, weather, and technology. Department of Commerce Department of Commerce Secretary of Labor Department of Labor (1913): Oversees the interests of U.S. workers. Department of Labor Department of Labor Secretary of Health & Human Services Department of Health and Human Services (1953): Looks after people's health and provides services including conducting medical research, preventing diseases, assuring the safety of food and drugs; providing financial assistance for low income families. Department of Health and Human Services Department of Health and Human Services Secretary of Housing & Development Department of Housing and Urban Development (1965): Oversees housing needs, and focuses on improving and developing communities. Department of Housing and Urban Development Department of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation Department of Transportation (1966): Oversees the nation's transportation system including highways, railroads, ports, and air travel. Department of Transportation Department of Transportation Secretary of Energy Department of Energy (1977): Researches and develops energy systems that are friendly to the environment, but are not too expensive. Department of Energy Department of Energy Secretary of Education Department of Education (1979): Establishes guidelines and provides leadership to address American education. It helps local communities meet the needs of their students. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Department of Veterans Affairs (1988): Operates programs for veterans and their families. Department of Education Department of Veterans Affairs Department of Education Department of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security Department of Homeland Security (2003): Works to prevent terrorist attacks within the United States, reduce America's vulnerability to terrorism, and minimize the damage from potential attacks and natural disasters. Department of Homeland Security Department of Homeland Security

National Debt Treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton’s biggest challenge was paying off the national debt. Treasury secretary Alexander Hamilton’s biggest challenge was paying off the national debt. The United States owed $11.7 million to foreign countries and $40.4 million to U.S. citizens. The United States owed $11.7 million to foreign countries and $40.4 million to U.S. citizens. Hamilton planned to pay foreign debt first, and all debt at full value. Hamilton planned to pay foreign debt first, and all debt at full value. Some politicians, including Thomas Jefferson, opposed the plan, but Hamilton went ahead with it. Some politicians, including Thomas Jefferson, opposed the plan, but Hamilton went ahead with it.

States’ Debt States owed $25 million for Revolutionary War expenses. States owed $25 million for Revolutionary War expenses. Hamilton wanted the federal government to pay part of the states’ debts to help the national economy. Hamilton wanted the federal government to pay part of the states’ debts to help the national economy. The South did not want the federal government to pay states’ debts. The South did not want the federal government to pay states’ debts. Hamilton won the South’s support by getting northern approval to move the national capital from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C. Hamilton won the South’s support by getting northern approval to move the national capital from Philadelphia to Washington, D.C.

Hamilton and Jefferson Hamilton’s Views Believed in a strong central government. Believed in a strong central government. Wanted a balance of power between the “mass of people” and wealthier citizens. Wanted a balance of power between the “mass of people” and wealthier citizens. Wanted to promote manufacturing and business. Wanted to promote manufacturing and business. Wanted higher tariffs on foreign goods to protect American manufacturers. Wanted higher tariffs on foreign goods to protect American manufacturers. Supported England Supported England Jefferson’s Views Wanted to protect the states power. Wanted to protect the states power. Believed in the right of “the people” to rule the country. Believed in the right of “the people” to rule the country. Supported agriculture and farmers. Supported agriculture and farmers. Wanted lower tariffs to keep costs low for goods farmers bought. Wanted lower tariffs to keep costs low for goods farmers bought. Supported France Supported France

National Bank Hamilton wanted a national bank in which the government could safely deposit its money. Hamilton wanted a national bank in which the government could safely deposit its money. The bank would also make loans to the government and to businesses. The bank would also make loans to the government and to businesses. Hamilton knew that states’ rights supporters would oppose his idea. Hamilton knew that states’ rights supporters would oppose his idea. He suggested limiting the bank to a 20-year charter. He suggested limiting the bank to a 20-year charter.

Jeffersonians Oppose the Bank Jefferson and Madison favored a strict construction view of the Constitution— the government should do only what the Constitution says it can do. Hamilton favored a loose construction view. Washington and Congress went along with Hamilton’s idea and the Bank of the U.S. was chartered in 1791.

George Washington’s Resume Use your book and the internet to look up the qualifications that George Washington had in order to be the president of the United States. Use your book and the internet to look up the qualifications that George Washington had in order to be the president of the United States. Resume should include Washington’s leadership/management roles BEFORE he was president. Resume should include Washington’s leadership/management roles BEFORE he was president. ys/biography/1 ys/biography/1 ys/biography/1 ys/biography/1