Historical Background for Red Scarf Girl. China’s Dynasties Sui 589-618 Tang 618-907 Song 960-1279 Yuan (Mongols) 1206-1368 Ming 1368-1644 Qing (Manchus)

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Presentation transcript:

Historical Background for Red Scarf Girl

China’s Dynasties Sui Tang Song Yuan (Mongols) Ming Qing (Manchus) Life under Dynasty Rule Emperor Most were peasants Family members Loyal to each other Living together (entire village) Oldest male was honored and obeyed family head Responsible for livelihood and conduct (Confucian teachings) Government Officials Military

China merges w/ European history (1840s) High population—market for European goods and cheap labor Tea and silk Manchu gov. inefficient/lacked military power Europeans try and colonize China Hong Kong ceded to Britain France, Germany, Russia, and Japan

Imperialism and Colonial Nationalism Open Door Policy (1899) U.S. interested in commerce, not territory Equal trade rights in China for all nations Boxer Rebellion (1900) Drive out all foreigners - isolationism Foreigners stop rebellion and demand payment

Chinese Republic ( ) Nationalist Party Founded by Dr. Sun Yat-sen Democracy: elect gov. officials responsible to the people Overthrew Manchu Dynasty

Nationalist Struggle Against Warlords ( to 1928) What’s a Warlord? Why would Warlords struggle against Democracy? Redistribution of wealth

Nationalist Struggle Against Communists (to 1937) Communists are supported by… Grateful for Soviet help Landless peasants wanted to break-up estates of rich landlords Low-paid city workers wanted seize foreign-owned business Nationalists are supported by… Landlords middle class Democratic groups who feared Communist totalitarian rule

Why did the Nationalists Lose? Really a corrupt and inefficient dictatorship Wasted $2 billion (American loans) Failed to earn soldier’s loyalty Ignored peasants desire for land Ignored city workers demands for better living conditions

Nationalists lose China to Communists (1949) Mao is leader of People’s Republic of China – communist Controlled inflation Promoted literacy Stopped corruption Women equal to men Why does Mao start the Cultural Revolution ( )? Red Guards (radical students)