应用语言学定量研究方法 周 卫 京

OUTLINE Detinction between qualitative & quantitive research Historical development of the two designs How to match questions with designs? Two typical quantitatively-dominating studies

I. Quantitative v.s. Qualitative Quantitative research is empirical research where the data are in the form of numbers. data: numeric Qualitative research is empirical research where the data are not in the form of numbers. data: verbal

 What are the effects of exposure to target cultures on L2 learners’ English proficiency? Subjects: 1) 1 year 2) 3 year 3) 5 year…. Test: English proficiency Data?  What are significant factors of target cultures affecting their EFL proficiency? Interview 1) Education 2) Experience 3) Motivation 4) …. Questionnaire QulitativeQuantitative I. Quantitative v.s. Qualitative

II. Historical development of the two designs Mono-design stage ---- one design is employed, either or quantitative or qualitative. Before the 1950s, quantitative design was dominant. Since the 1960s, qualitative design gradually moved into the main stream of social science research.

II. Historical development of the two designs Mixed-design stage: ---- both the quantitative and qualitative designs are adopted. Since the 1980s, researchers find these two designs each have strengths as well as weaknesses. They are complementary rather than in conflict.

Links between question and design? Research: 3Ps P: purpose (Rearch questions) P: Process (Design) P: Product (Resutls)

Links between question and design?  Questions should come before designs.  Each design is effective to answer certain types of questions but not others. Quantitative: what, which …. Qualitative: how, why  Each design has definite strengths and weaknesses.  What accounts is whether the design fits a particular question.

Numeric Data

Verbal data