Pictorialism, Aesthetics, Straight Photography

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Pictorialism, Aesthetics, Straight Photography AWQ4MI Mrs. E. Kalinowski History of Photography Part 3: Suggesting the Subject & New Culture of Light Pictorialism, Aesthetics, Straight Photography

Pictorialism “..of or expressed in pictures.” In the late 19th century (c. 1880) photo technologies and photos of peoples/places/objects were lost its luster Kodak snapshot camera was invented and the ‘magic’ of photographic technology seemed ‘easy’ Photography required intelligence, scientific savvy, and artistic inclination – the snapshot camera made this accessible to everyone, thus it lost its impressiveness.

Pictorialism & Naturalism 1886 – Camera Club, London England Emerson lectures on photography as art Subsequent works seeks to elevate photography as a legitimate artistic practice at par with visual arts (painting, drawing, sculpting, etc.) Naturalism – records life dispassionately/ob jectively/as it is Peter Henry Emerson, Furze-Cutting on the Suffolk Common, 1886

Social Realist Painting vs. Photography Gustave Courbet, The Stone Breakers, 1849-50 Peter Henry Emerson, , Furze-Cutting on the Suffolk Common, 1886

Pictorialism & Naturalism Countering the anonymous qualities of photography Davison relied on light, line, and symbolic references to convey his message Highly controversial; betrayed the ‘nature’ of photography Photographic Impressionism – non-objective, emphasizes mood, an ‘impression’ rather than record George Davison, The Onoin Field, 1889

Impressionist Painting vs. Photography Claude Monet, Tulip Fields With The Rijnsberg Windmill, 1871 George Davison, The Onoin Field, 1889

Aesthetics “Concerning beauty and the appreciation of beauty.”

Straight Photography “Form as essence.” Photography and its subject matter became a “been there, done that” situation that called for something new, different. In the early 20th century (1900s), artists began searching for what philosopher Henri Bergson called, “life force.” This is the pure essence of existence The seeing of parts, fragments, as universal symbols

Straight Photography Form as Essence Weston reduced subject matter to its fundamental structure Realism is the most definite, most difficult approach to photography Previsualization – seeing/imagining one’s final print/photo before its developed Edward Weston, Nude, 1926 Excusado, 1925, Pepper #30, 1930

Straight Photography Group f/64: 7 photographers: Edward Weston, Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, Willard Van Dyke, Sonya Noskowiak, John Paul Edwards, Henry Swift Named after the smallest camera lens, f/64 Precisionism & The Zone System– 11 ‘zones’ of grayscale in a photo from Zone 0 (black)-Zone X (white) according to Roman Numerals Imogen Cunningham, Calla, 1925