 Emerging infectious diseases = diseases that have not occurred in humans before or that occurred only in small numbers in isolated places.  Re-emerging infectious diseases = diseases that once were major health problems globally or in a particular country and then declined but are becoming a problem in significant numbers

 In developing countries infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death  In the U.S. prevention and control of infectious diseases have so successful that many people view them to be a thing of the past except among very young, very old, or seriously ill people.

 E. coli strain caused sever vomiting and diarrhea for patrons of Jack in the Box restaurants in 1993 in Washington State and among children in swimming pools in Atlanta in 1998  Ebola was first described in 1976 in Zaire Africa with a fatality rate of %

 Sanitation  Sewage treatment  Vaccination programs  Access to good medical care including antibiotics  Still some diseases are making a comeback!!!

 Immunization programs are enforced less vigorously  Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are evolving  Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus are resistant to all known antibiotics

 What disease do you think is the greatest threat to students in this class?  What disease do you think is the greatest threat to the world’s population?  Record your thoughts in your notebooks and also think about why???

 Make well-educated guesses if you do not know the answers to this quiz.

 1. C  2. D  3. C  4. B  5. D  6. D

 Each group of 2 students should get a set of disease cards.  Sort the cards into piles that represent different type of infectious agents.  Record your results and then discuss why scientists find it useful to classify diseases based on type of infectious agents.  Compare your results with the rest of the class

 Now resort your cards based on the mechanism of transmission.  Record your results and list reasons why it might be useful to sort diseases this way.  Compare your results with the rest of the class

 Sort the disease cards according to history of occurrence of the disease – you might make two categories “new” and “old”  Record your results and compare with the rest of the class  Think about how you could rename the categories “old and increasing” or “old and remaining constant”

 Now classify each disease at Emerging, Re-emerging or Endemic  Emerging = diseases that are truly new, have recently affected enough of a population to be noticed  Health workers are becoming concerned about the emergence of “new” and re- emergence of “old” diseases - - Why??