1 Psychology 304: Brain and Behaviour Lecture 18

2 Midterm October 24: 30 multiple choice questions (1 point each), five definitions (2 points each). October 26: 5 short answer questions (2-6 points each). The exam is worth 25% of your final grade. The exam will be scored out of 60 points.

3 Please arrive on time to facilitate rapid distribution of the exams. Bring a pencil, eraser, pen, and your student ID to the exam. All electronic devices must be put away. Students will not be able to leave the exam room during the last 10 minutes of the exam. Hats (e.g., baseball caps) should not be worn during the exam.

4 Reminder As noted on Monday, the exam will not include any diagrams that require labeling. This does not preclude multiple choice and short answer questions regarding the location of neuroanatomical features of the nervous system.

5 The Endocrine System 2.How are hormonal levels regulated? 1.What are some of the major hormones released by the endocrine glands? (continued)

6 By the end of today’s class, you should be able to: 1. identify hormones released by distinct endocrine glands and their functions. 3. describe four forms of negative feedback associated with hormonal regulation. 2. discuss the hormonal abnormalities associated with distinct diseases.

7 Cortisol  Released by adrenal cortex.  Increases levels of blood glucose, accelerates protein metabolism, produces anti-imflammatory effect. What are some of the major hormones released by the endocrine glands? (continued)

8 Cushing’s Syndrome

9

10 Melatonin  Released by pineal gland.  Associated with sleep, maintenance of circadian rhythms. Antioxidant effects. Ephinephrine, Norephinephrine  Released by the adrenal medulla.  Prepare the body for “flight or fight”, under direct control of sympathetic neurons.

11 Estradiol  Released by the ovaries.  Associated with the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, influences secretion of FSH and LH associated with ovulation.

12 Testosterone  Released by the testes.  Associated with the development of male primary and secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production.

13 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

14 How are hormonal levels regulated? Hormone release is regulated by three types of signals: 1. Neural signals. 2. Hormonal signals. 3. Non-hormone chemical signals.

Endocrine Feedback Loops 15

16 Endocrine Feedback Loops 16

17 Gonadal Steroid Feedback Loops 17

18 Gonadal Steroid Feedback Loops 18

19 The Endocrine System 2.How are hormonal levels regulated? 1.What are some of the major hormones released by the endocrine glands? (continued)