No graft animal except alpacas and Llamas in the Andes – Nothing to pull a cart or plow America writing limited to _______region – highly developed by Maya From Arabia to Africa – creates nomadic pastoral societies _____s later used for commerce Nubia center of ___ 300 BCE – 100 CE Monarch – sacred – held at least 10 times by women Women leaders portrayed with prominence and power equal to male Nubia was a Christian civilization using ____language – Churches in Coptic or Greek fashion located on the horn of Africa – south of Nubia near Red Sea Language of Axum Cities developed occupational caste system- skills passed on to children and marriage in group only First civilizations of America

Americas MesoamericaCamel MeroeGreekAxum GeezJenne-jeno Olmec and Norte Chico

3 sister farming – led to populations explosion in Americas Tikal was their major city Aztecs later named _____city of the gods settled in Andes 750 BCE a small town 2-3 thousand people – trade to both coasts and Amazon Deities – jaguars, crocodiles and snakes Migration in Africa leads to 400 closely related languages called Mississippi River valley – CE Hopewell culture During the classical era, the vast majority of the world’s people lived in Here warm temperatures accelerated the decomposition of humus The cities of ____operated without the coercive authority of a state

maize, beans, squash Mayas ChavinBantuMound Builders Eurasia Africa Niger Valley Teotihuacan

During the Classical Period Iron- working technology was spread throughout western Africa by classical era, metallurgy was least developed in____ The political organization of the Maya were very similar to Their religion was concerned with explaining, predicting, and controlling local affairs

city-states of classical Greece Americas Bantu