Post Civil War Unit William L. Rogers Russell Middle School

13th Amendment Bans slavery in the United States and all of its territories.

14 th Amendment Grants citizenship to all persons born in the United States and guarantees them equal protection under the law.

15 th Amendment Ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

13 th, 14 th, 15 th Amendments The above amendments guarantee equal protection under the law for ALL citizens of the United States. If you are born here, you are a citizen. Being a citizen, you have the right to vote no matter what. ALL American citizens are to be protected by the law no matter what.

Reconstruction Policies and Problems With those Policies

What the U. S. Congress Made to Happen for the Former Slaves - 1 Southern Military leaders could not hold public office. (Example-Robert E. Lee Could not become Governor of Virginia) African-Americans COULD hold public office. (1 st time in U. S. History) Civil Rights Acts of 1866 gives African Americans equal rights, and allows the Union army to enforce this law.

What the U. S. Congress Made to Happen for the Former Slaves - 1 Northern Soldiers supervised all aspects of Southern Life. Freedman’s BureauThe Freedman’s Bureau was established to aid former enslaved African Americans in the South. Helped them get land –”40 Acres and a Mule” Helped ensure former slaves got to vote.

Southern Whites React to Union Acts Southerners resented Northern “Carpetbaggers,” who took advantage of the South during reconstruction. Black CodesSouthern States adopt Black Codes to limit the economic and physical freedom of former slaves. Laws that said blacks had to read a tough page of words to vote – most blacks could not read then.

The End of Reconstruction

Reconstruction Officially Ends In 1877 Came as a result of a compromise over the election of Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden were running for President of the United States. It was so close, the election went to the U. S. House of Representatives!! Rutherford B. Hayes cut a deal to get Florida’s electoral votes. He told white leaders of Florida he would get the Union troops out of the South his first year in office.

Reconstruction Officially Ends In 1877 Came as a result of a compromise over the election of Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President by the House of Representatives with the deal!! It was called “The Bad Deal” by many in the North and former slaves across the nation, and they were right! All the Rights African Americans gained WERE LOST due to “Jim Crow” laws.

Definition: Racial Discrimination Based only on race. Directed mostly on African Americans, but other groups were segregated. American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924!

Jim Crow Laws Laws passed to discriminate against African Americans. Made Discrimination practices LEGAL in many communities and states. Were characterized by unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government.

African American Reaction to the Jim Crow Laws Booker T. Washington’s view: Equality can be achieved through vocational education Accepted social segregation W. E. B. Dubois’s view: Wanted full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans.

Describing the Legacies: Abe Lincoln, Robert E. Lee, and Frederick Douglass

Abraham Lincoln At first did not want to free the slaves. During the war, his views changed.

Abraham Lincoln Wanted Reconstruction to be a based on rebuilding to bring the nation together. (Called reconciliation) Believed the preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South.

Robert E. Lee on Reconstruction: Urged Southerners to reunite with Northerners at the end of the war when some people wanted to continue to fight. Became President of Washington College, known now as Washington and Lee University.

Frederick Douglass Fought for the Constitutional Amendments that guaranteed voting rights. Was considered a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties for everyone.

Westward Expansion After the Civil War

Why Move West? Opportunities for Land Ownership For the Poor, immigrants, former slaves Technological advances, including: Transcontinential Railroad Telegraph Change of getting wealth Finding gold and silver in the West

Why Move West? Desire for Adventure Considered “wild” frontier Desire for a new beginning for former enslaved African Americans Chance to have their own land without being treated unfairly.

Westward Expansion: What Did It Do To The Native Americans?

MASSIVE Changes For the Native Americans! - 1 American Indians were opposed to the Westward Expansion. Battle of Little Big Horn Sitting Bull Geronimo Am. Indians forced relocation from their traditional lands to desolate reservations. Chief Joseph, Nez Perez

MASSIVE Changes For the Native Americans! - 2 Population reduced due to: War with U.S. Cavalry Disease Ex. Battle of Wounded Knee Assimilation attempts and lifestyle changes Reduction of buffalo herds by whites “Indian Schools” to educate Am. Indians in the white way of life. – Carlisle School in Pennsylvania. Lost homelands as treaties were broken by whites.

Why Did People Come to The United States After the Civil War?

Increased Immigration Post Civil War Hope for better opportunities Free land out west Desire for religious freedom Escape from oppressive government Desire for adventure Go to the American “wild” west.

Cities In America Post Civil War: Development, Immigration, Industrialization, and Discrimination

Standard 4b The student will demonstrate knowledge of how life changed after the Civil War by: b)explaining the reasons for the increase in immigration, growth of cities, and challenges arising from this expansion.

Essential Understandings Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced interaction and often conflict between different cultural groups. Population changes, growth of cities, and new inventions produced problems in urban areas.

Essential Questions Why did immigration increase? Why did cities grow and develop? What challenges faced Americans as a result of these social and technological changes?

Why American Cities Grew & Developed After The Civil War: Specialized Industries in certain Cities Pittsburgh: Steel Chicago: Meat Processing Immigration from other nations People came to the cities first, moved out when they earned the money to move. Americans moved from rural areas to urban areas for job opportunities.

Rapid Industrialization & Urbanization led to Problems, Too Immigrants were forced to live in slums, killing many due to poor living conditions. Immigrants were forced into neighborhoods based upon where they came from. Given “tenement housing” Small rooms for many people, no bathrooms, building was dirty & unhealthy to live in.

How to Solve the Problems Settlement Houses for Immigrants Hull House: founded by Jane Addams Political machines that gained power by taking care of the needs of new immigrants Housing Jobs Food In return, immigrants voted how they were told.

New Groups Were Discriminated Against Forced into Ghettos and Tenements Irish Chinese Japanese Jews Political Corruption by the political machines Immigrants began to realize they were being used for the glory of a few men.

How the U.S. was Transformed from Agricultural Nation to an Industrial Nation

New Inventions that Brought on Change Electricity: Thomas Edison Lighting (light bulb) Mechanical uses of electricity Telephone service: Alexander Graham Bell

Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of Big Business National markets for products are created due to advances in transportation. Captains of industry John D. Rockefeller-oil Andrew Carnegie-steel Cornelius Vanderbilt-shipping & railroads Advertising Low-cost production

Factors that Resulted in growth of Industry New access to raw materials & energy. Availability of work force due to increased immigration. New inventions Financial resources

Examples of Big Businesses Railroads Oil Steel

Postwar changes in Daily Life Mechanization (ex-reaper) reduced farm labor needs & increased production. Industrial development in cities created increased labor needs. Industrialization provided new access to consumer goods (e.g. mail order)

NEGATIVE effects of Industrialization Child labor Low wages for long hours Unsafe working conditions

Rise of Labor - Outcomes Formation of Unions Growth of American Federation of Labor STRIKES Aftermath of Homestead Strike

Effects of Progressive Movement Workplace Reforms Improved safety conditions Reduced work hours Placed restrictions on child labor

Effects of Women’s Suffrage Increased educational opportunities Women get right to vote Women obtain right to vote when 19 th amendment to U. S. Constitution is passed Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked for women’s suffrage.

Temperance Movement Made up of groups who wanted to end the making and consuming of alcohol. Supported the 18 th Amendment to Constitution which prohibits the manufacture, sale, and transporting of alcoholic beverages.