A System of Roads and Drivers NV Driver Education Curriculum Unit 1: Driver Responsibility and Licensing Presentation 1 of 4 TOPICS: Creation of the Driver’s License HTS: Highway Transportation System Regulating the HTS

Becoming a Roadway User In the 1880s and 1890s the use of the bicycle spurred interest in creating roads In 1908 Henry Ford introduced the Model T automobile Began construction of paved roads Need for driver licenses/certification Image from: http://www.eventsnevada.com/cc150.htm Retrieved: 12/31/09 Early roads of Nevada

Creation of the Driver’s License 1928 New Jersey License In 1903, Massachusetts and Missouri were the first to establish driver licensing laws (mostly an application process for chauffeurs) Exams came much later: MA(1920) MO(1952) In MO the gas stations sold drivers licenses – “…no test. For 25 cents, they gave you a stub – you had this until the ‘real’ license came in the mail.” License image from: http://dadsvintageads.blogspot.com/2009/11/1927-1928-new-jersey-motorcycle-drivers.html Car images from: http://mred-old-cars.blogspot.com/ Retrieved: 01/04/10 1906 Chauffeurs

Creation of the Driver’s License Exam In 1908, Rhode Island was the first state to require an examination of driver competency South Dakota was the last state to impose driver licenses (1954) and the last state to require examinations (1959) 1983 Oregon Exam 1928 Chicago Exam image from: http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/CS/BSS/history_center_dmv_moped.shtml Car images from: http://mred-old-cars.blogspot.com/ Retrieved: 01/04/10 1941 Colorado

Early Roads: Toll Roads & Turnpikes From 1790 to 1850, private toll roads were the nation’s primary land transportation Toll roads are privately owned roads Charged a fee to use road Turnpike is an expressway with toll gates Image from: http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/10/12/automobiles/1012-limp_index.html Retrieved: 01/04/10 1917 Long Island Motor Parkway

Early Roads in Nevada Between 1859 and 1880, 117 toll roads were created in NV (used by horse and wagons) The Federal Aid Road Act of 1916 helped establish state routes: Lincoln Hwy (I-80) Victory Hwy(US 40) Los Angeles Hwy (I-15) and US 93 Fallon and Ely images from: http://contentdm.library.unr.edu/cdm4/browse.php?CISOROOT=/lincoln&CISOSTART=1,41 Tonopah image from: http://www.k1nv.com/Postcards.html Las Vegas image from: http://inoldlasvegas.com/downtown.html http://www.clan.lib.nv.us/content.asp?id=309 http://nevadaculture.org/shpo/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=205&Itemid=9 Tonopah, NV 1915 Fallon, NV 1930 Las Vegas, NV 1944 Ely, NV 1950

Creation of a National System In 1956, President Eisenhower signed the Federal Aid Highway Act began today’s national system of roadways Became known as the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways To transport military and weapons U.S. 40 in 1953 Design of the Interstate System evolved from freeways such as the PA Turnpike (above) and the CA Freeway (right) both opened in 1940s Federal Aid Highway Act 90% on funding from federal government to build new roads at least four lanes wide (10% for state) States brought in existing toll roads into the system Images from: http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/06jan/01.htm Retrieved: 12/31/09

Today’s Roadway The U.S. has over 46,000 miles of interstate highways Longest, I-90, an east-west route stretching 3000 miles through 13 states Interstates have made the U.S. rich in social and economic growth Studied by Russian and Chinese (looking to grow) Images from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_90 Retrieved: 01/04/10

The Highway Transportation System (HTS) The highway transportation system (HTS) has three parts: Roadway users Vehicles Roads The purpose of the HTS is to move people and cargo in a safe and efficient manner City image from: http://www.edmunds.com/reviews/list/top10/105397/article.html Freeway image from: http://detnews.com/article/20091110/METRO05/911100354/Michigan-s-roads-are-in-a-fix Retrieved: 01/04/09

Roadway Users Safe operation of the HTS depends on the attitude and behavior of its users People use the HTS by Walking Driving Riding Crosswalk image from: http://fromtheport.blogspot.com/ Bike & rig image from: http://worldonabike.com/photos/tags/bajacalifornia/photo/3469719592/sharing-the-road-in-baja-california.html Retrieved: 01/04/10

Vehicles Drivers must share the road with others Mopeds and motorcycles Cars and trucks Tractor trailers Buses and trains Bicycles Pedestrians City image from: http://www.bikexprt.com/bikepol/facil/herald1.htm Highway image from: http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2008/01/expressway_bus_lane_open_to_ho.html Retrieved: 01/04/10

Roadways Skillful drivers must be alert to driving situations Roadway conditions vary Urban and rural Paved and unpaved Light and unlit Straight, curves, and hills Adverse weather conditions Snow image from: http://www.madphotoworld.com/main-roads/tire-marks/deepest-snow-road.html Curve image from: http://www.noexpectations.com.au/galleries/sapa-vietnam-may-2006 NV road image from: http://www.aaroads.com/west/us-395sb_nv.html Retrieved: 01/04/10

Regulating the HTS Federal, state, and local governments agencies work together to regulate the HTS In 1966, two laws were established that allowed the federal government to set standards and guidelines for vehicles and highways The National Highway Safety Act The National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act HYW Patrol image from: http://public.fotki.com/copcardotcom/photographs_of_dave/vehicle_photos_by_state/nevada/!nhp05.html Retrieved: 01/04/10

National Highway Safety Act All states must have and regulate: Vehicle registration Driver licensing Traffic courts Highway construction (design) and maintenance Cop image from: http://www.bizingo.com/m/Granville%20Hoey/pC/amherst.asp Construction image from: http://www.infrastructurist.com/2009/06/01/meet-the-highway-builders/ Retrieved: 01/04/10

National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act Requires auto makers to install certain safety features in all vehicles Head rests Shatter-resistant windshields Safety belts Aimed at reducing injuries and deaths Image from: http://www2.prnewswire.com/mnr/volvo/37521/ Retrieved: 01/05/09

Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) In 1921, NV began issuing motor vehicle licenses In 1949, NV established a Highway Patrol In 1957, NV DMV was established to administer motor vehicle laws and driver licensing duties Reno image from: http://drew90210.wordpress.com/page/2/ Elko image from: http://www.elkorose.com/elkoldpics.html Retrieved: 01/04/10

Nevada Motor Vehicle Laws Many of Nevada motor vehicle laws can be found in Nevada Revised Statues Chapter 484 Open Container (illegal within vehicle) Blood Alcohol Limit 0.08, if under 21 yrs 0.02 Right on red (allowed) Seat Belt (required) under 6yrs/60lbs restraint U-Turns (allowed) unless prohibited by sign Pedestrians (vehicles must yield) School Police can issue traffic citations Website for NV NRS 484 at: http://www.leg.state.nv.us/NRS/NRS-484.html Image from: http://www.ci.nevada.ia.us/nevada-departments-police.php Retrieved: 01/05/10

Facts to Know Final Thoughts Thanks to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the passage of legislation The annual death rate in 1925 was 18 per 100 million vehicle miles traveled. In 2008, it was only 1.7 per 100 million. Flipped car & solo image from: http://www.monroecountysheriff.info/about/history_gallery3.html Pole image from: http://www.flickr.com/photos/81918828@N00/2175966436 Retrieved: 01/04/09