Organisation Structure Stephen P. Robbins Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

What is Organisation Structure? An Organisation structure defines how job tasks are formally divided, grouped and coordinated. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Chairman Vice Chairman Managing Editor Resident Editor (specific markets) Advertising – Manager - Director Circulation – Manager - Director Personnel – Manager - Director Finance – Manager - Director Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

The Desk Chief Sub Editor in charge of specific pages Sub editors under the Chief Sub. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Chief Reporter/Metro Editor Special Correspondents Senior Reporters Reporters Stringers Trainees Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Work Specialisation The degree to which tasks in the organisation are subdivided into separate jobs. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Departmentalisation The basis by which jobs are grouped together. One of the most popular ways to group activities is by functions performed. Its also done through by type of product the organisation produces. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Examples According to products: TOI, MT, ET, NBT IE, Loksatta, Lokprabha Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Departmentalisation Another way it is done is on the basis of geography or territory One final way is through type of customer the organisation seeks to reach. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

According to geography Nagpur edition, Bangalore edition, New Delhi edition, Mumbai edition etc Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Departmentalisation Source : Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Chain of Command It is an unbroken line of authority that extends from the top of the organisation to the lowest rank and clarifies who reports to whom. Authority refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to give orders and expect the orders to be obeyed. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Examples Editor News Editor Chief Reporter/Chief Sub Editor Reporters/Sub Editors Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Chain of Command… The unity of Command states a subordinate should have only one superior to whom he or she is directly responsible. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Span of Control The number of subordinates that a manager can efficiently and effectively direct. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Centralisation The term centralisation refers to the degree to which decision making is concentrated at a single point in the organisation. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Decentralisation Decision discretion is pushed down to lower-level employees. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Examples The reporter on the field decides what to ‘take in’ and what to actually put to ‘words’. The sub editor decides how to ‘focus’ the issue, give a slant. Multiple editors on editorial boards to bring in different perspectives to an issue. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Formalisation The degree to which jobs within the organisation are standardized. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Common Organisational Designs: Simple structure A structure characterised by a low degree of departmentalisation, wide spans of control, authority centralised in a single person and little formation. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Common Organisational Designs: Bureaucracy A structure with highly routine operating tasks through specialisation, very formalised rules and regulations, tasks that are grouped into functional departments, centralised authority, narrow spans of control, and decision making that follows the chain of command. It is a form of mechanistic structure. The opposite form is an organic structure. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Examples: Bureaucracy Finally, the reporter has to sign ‘vouchers’ to claim conveyance, sign the muster to mark ‘presence’ in the department regardless of whether s/he is covering the Indian Parliament or the Municipal Corporation. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Common Organisational Designs: Matrix Structure A structure that creates dual lines of authority; combines functional and product departmentalisation. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Matrix Structure Source : Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Examples of Matrix structure Where a reporter may report to the Chief Reporter/Metro Editor and also be reporting to the Chief Sub Editor in charge of the page. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

New Designs : Team Structure The use of teams as the central device to coordinate work activities. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ

Examples of Team Structure Groups of reporters assigned to a single story. These may be investigative stories or large events like disasters. Meenakshi Upadhyay, Academician,UDCJ