Assignment #1: Political Revolutions Unit Intro Brainstorm/Discuss: What are some reasons people might want a totally new system of government?

When we last left off our story, our French philosophes were busy thinking about government and people’s rights. Voltaire thinking about free speech Montesquieu thinking about branches of government Rousseau thinking about the general will

But what was the political reality they were living in? All three of these philosophes were French and France at the time was ruled by the Bourbon Family who were monarchs (kings) with absolute power! Regardless of what the philosophes thought about people’s rights or what the best type of government was, they lived under a system where the people had no rights called an “Absolute Monarchy”

Absolute monarch definition: Kings and Queens who held all the power within their state boundary and controlled all aspects of society. They believed they were representatives of God on Earth. (DIVINE RIGHT)

Monarchs were…. Head of army Head of church Made laws Controlled economy Controlled social life

Some people were fine with this People need a RULER who is as STRONG AS A SEA MONSTER to keep order. Otherwise people would be at war with each other all the time. Life would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short.” Are there benefits to this kind of government? Thomas Hobbes, English political philosopher

Others strongly disagreed People have natural rights (Life, Liberty, Property). The government must protect those rights If the government doesn’t protect our rights, it is the right of the people to have a revolution and set up a new government that will protect their natural rights. What pros/cons to the willingness for revolution? John Locke, political philosopher

Predict in your notes: Why might Enlightenment thinkers have posed a threat to Absolute Monarchs?

Every monarch had their own style or “brand” of absolutism For example: Peter the Great of Russia had a “ruthless” style. When he wanted the nobility to modernize and cut their facial hair, he ripped people’s beards off himself.

France…. …..had a fancy expensive style -Fancy palace -Lots of wars

Louis XVI: France’s “Sun King” How does this portrait of King Louis XIV of France reflect the idea that he is an “Absolute Monarch”? Louis XIV: “L’état, c’est moi” I am the State

The Most Absolute of Absolute Monarchs Louis XIV (aka the “Sun King”) ruled France from 1643 until 1715 mainly from the extravagant Palace of Versailles he had built. The cost of the palace along with many expensive wars abroad left huge debts for his heirs and contributed to the end of absolute monarchy in France (0 - 3:30)

Living like a King: What was it like to live in the Sun King’s palace? Let’s find out! As you tour Versailles, think about…  How the Palace of Versailles symbolizes the ideas, power and extravagance of absolute monarchy.  Why might the palace still be a significant historical site that many tourists visit today?  ULTIMATELY, WHY MIGHT THIS PALACE BECOME A SYMBOL FOR ALL THAT WAS WRONG WITH ABSOLUTE MONARCHY?

1. Tour of Versailles: map

2. Tour of Versailles: New Chateau

3. Tour of Versailles: Hall of Mirrors

Treaty of Versailles – Look how many people fit in the Hall

4. Tour of Versailles: Queen’s Bedchamber

5. Tour of Versailles: “Grand Apartment”

6. Tour of Versailles: King’s Suite

7. Tour of Versailles: Chapel Royal

8. Tour of Versailles: Statue of Louis XIV

9. Tour of Versailles: Gardens Formal…

10. Tour of Versailles: … and Gardens Fanciful

11. Tour of Versailles: … and Gardens Fanciful

12. Tour of Versailles: Map & Grand Canal

By the late 1700’s, there were two places that had gotten rid of their absolute monarchs and instituted governments based on the ideals of the Enlightenment: England & America. These revolutions inspired many in France and later the rest of the world

Suddenly the French philosophes stopped just thinking and turned to action – why did Americans get to copy their ideas while they were stuck in France with an oppressive absolute monarch…. Why can’t we be More like England? While we are here with no rights, the Americans are busy using our ideas! It’s time for action!

“The Revolution had been accomplished in the minds of men long before it was translated into a fact.”into fact.” – Albert Mathiez, French historian