History of the Ancient and Medieval World Walsingham Academy Mrs. McArthur Room 111 Walsingham Academy Mrs. McArthur Room 111 Staging Absolutism Louis.

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History of the Ancient and Medieval World Walsingham Academy Mrs. McArthur Room 111 Walsingham Academy Mrs. McArthur Room 111 Staging Absolutism Louis XIV and Versailles Staging Absolutism Louis XIV and Versailles

The Renaissance The Voyages Of Discovery The Reformation The Scientific Revolution The New Monarchies Emerging Nation States Foundation of Modern Europe Emerging Nation States Foundation of Modern Europe

The New Monarchies Machiavelli’s view of the successful ruler –The prince: agent of change in state formation –The need for unity, security and prosperity “How to” model: Absolutism emerges on continent The monarch must break feudal ties to past What to look for in the successful state

The New Monarchies (cont.) Church and nobility subordinated to monarch Bureaucracy to supervise royal policies Royal system of justice Royal monopoly on military power Dependable and adequate source of income Winners and losers in the modern Europe

Winners and Losers Explain WinnersLosers AustriaPoland PrussiaHoly Roman Empire RussiaOttoman Empire Sweden

Impact of Reformation A tale of 3 countries (review) England – Act of Supremacy (1534) – Elizabethan Settlement Holy Roman Empire – Thirty Years’ War – Peace of Westphalia (1648) – Rise of Prussia & Austria France – Civil War – Edict of Nantes (1598) St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: 1572

France in the 16 th Century Francis I (Renaissance arrives, along with Leonardo) Henry II (Diane de Poitiers vs. Catherine de Medici) Killed in a tournament, power vacuum 3 weak sons wrestle for control with “help” from mom Civil War St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 3 Henrys Henry IV converts (“Paris is worth a mass!” - Paris vaut bien une messe.) Edict of Nantes (1598) Document of Religious Toleration (Band-Aid) State trumps Religion (Politique)

St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre by Francois Dubois How does the knowledge that this painting was created by an eyewitness add to its credibility as a historical document?

France: Model Absolutist State The Great Monarchs Henry IV with Sully ( ) Louis XIII with Richelieu ( ) Louis XIV with Mazarin and then sole rule ( ) Cardinal Richelieu

The Challenges  Rebuilding France after disastrous religious civil war of 16 th century: (Henry IV and Sully))  “a chicken in every pot”  “Cultivation and pasturage are the mother’s milk of France.”  Centralizing and expanding government functions : civil service (including tax collection,) justice, military.  Breaking feudal ties to extend royal power  Forging a French cultural identity ; replacing regional loyalties with national ones: language, religion.  Revocation of Edict of Nantes, 1685  “One King, One Law, One Faith”  Creating an ideological basis for royal absolute rule:  “Princes are gods.” (Bossuet articulates “Divine Right” view of Kingship)  “I am the State.” (Louis XIV)

How does this transparency illustrate the central role that Louis XIV played? How did Versailles help Louis achieve this goal? L’état, c’est moi.

Life at Versailles Why did Louis structure life at Versailles around rituals and extravagant events?

Versailles: “Theater of Power”  All nobles required to spend time there.  The palace housed royal family and their 5,000 servants, 1,000 nobles and their 4,000 servants. (9,000 soldiers as well as thousands more artisans and civil servants lived in the town.)  Selected nobles allowed to participate in the carefully-orchestrated rituals intended to manipulate and control.  Demonstration of the power and benevolence of the monarch  Display legitimizes the monarch’s power while underlining the oneness with God and the State.  Civil Servants run an increasingly bureaucratic state.

Virtual Tour Go to Versailles’ official site: 1.Choose The Palace tab and answer the questions in the Notes View. 2.View the Slide Show. Answer the questions 3.Choose The History tab at top on site and go to the tab entitled The Courtiers. Answer the questions. 4.Still in the History tab, Choose The Court Characters at the top of screen. Choose the era of Louis XIV. List the key individuals of his age. Write what you think are key facts that identify each. Be sure to explain why each is considered to be important.

French Absolutism SuccessesFailures

Images of Absolutism

Louis’ signature Louis as Roman Emperor

Assignment 1 : due Tues., 5/21 Read text, pp Identify new terms Answer 2 Checkpoint Questions Answer caption questions "Louis XIV, 1673," by Pierre Mignard. representing Louis in terms of martial and classical glory.

Assignment 2 : due Wed., 5/22 Read text, pp Identify new terms Answer 2 Checkpoint Questions Answer Infographic questions "Louis XIV, 1673," by Pierre Mignard. representing Louis in terms of martial and classical glory.

Assignment 3: due Thurs., 5/23 Review 3 PPs on SPA 1.English Constitutionalism 2.Absolutism in Central Europe 3.Versailles Louis as the sun (See NotesPage) Louis as the sun (See NotesPage)

Assignment 4: due Fri. 5/24 SCA performances (Fri.) Expansion of France From Renaissance to Revolution Expansion of France From Renaissance to Revolution No Homework This Weekend: Enjoy Your Memorial Day Holiday!