England is old and small, and they started running out of places to bury people. So, they would dig up coffins and would take their bones to a house and reuse the grave. In reopening these coffins, one out of 25 coffins were found to have scratch marks on the inside and they realized they had been burying people alive. So they thought they would tie a string on their wrist and lead it through the coffin and up through the ground and tie it to a bell. Someone would have to sit out in the graveyard all night to listen for the bell. Hence on the "graveyard shift" they would know that someone was "saved by the bell" or he was a "dead ringer".

Health Psychology (Chapter 20) What is health psychology? Health and wellness Stress and coping Course Evaluation

Definition l Mind - Physical health l Psychological - Physiological l Case: 12 year-old has neurofibromitosis Psychological ramifications for boy and family, depression, mortality Psychologist can provide counselling, coping with medical procedures Comorbid learning and behavior problems at school

History l Maintenance of wellness Lifestyle, keeping people active and fit l Prevention of illness Smoking, drinking, AIDS-risk l Response to illness If here is no medical cause of pain, send for the psychologist!

Biopsychosocial model Health, Wellness Psychological factors Social factors Biological factors

Actuarial data: How to live long l sleep 7-8 hours per day l eat breakfast daily l rarely eat between meals l have proper weight l do not smoke or drink alcohol to excess l be active (aerobic, anaerobic)

Stress l Stressors are situations or events that threaten or challenge us Driving to Kentville is easy; doing it in 6 minutes is not l Stressors can be negative (distress) or positive (eustress) Social Readjustment Rating Scale: 43 life changes that lead to stress

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) ResistanceExhaustionAlarm Base line Resources, Resistance Time Stressor

Stages l Alarm: Fight or flight response Adrenaline rush, energy, corticosteroids (clotting) l Resistance Energy used but not as rapidly, immune response l Exhaustion: Body cannot fight Infections, illness, sores

Personality l Threats have a cognitive component l “challenge” vs. a “crisis” l Primary appraisal: How threatening is something e.g., sharp pain in head l Secondary appraisal: Coping Problem, emotion, and avoidance- oriented coping